{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285192490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397","title":"Generalized Superimposed Training Scheme in IRS-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Generalized Superimposed Training Scheme in IRS-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285192490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a4ce43b7-4efe-4eea-80fa-a0406e4603c9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008815990","display_name":"Navneet Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navneet Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091550684","display_name":"Hanxiao Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-2186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanxiao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-2186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091847007","display_name":"Tharmalingam Ratnarajah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tharmalingam Ratnarajah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-1246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Communications, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2195,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2195},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87800063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"1157","last_page":"1171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9041450023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.755618155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence-time","display_name":"Coherence time","score":0.7427369356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7395375967025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.6412373781204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5804349780082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5729934573173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.538846492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5045572519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4814550280570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19942978024482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.163080096244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09141239523887634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9041450023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.755618155002594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.7427369356155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7395375967025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6412373781204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5804349780082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5729934573173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.538846492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5045572519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4814550280570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19942978024482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.163080096244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09141239523887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3174397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/a4ce43b7-4efe-4eea-80fa-a0406e4603c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a4ce43b7-4efe-4eea-80fa-a0406e4603c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Garg, N, Ge, H & Ratnarajah, T 2022, 'Generalized Superimposed Training Scheme In IRS-assisted Cell-free Massive MIMO Systems', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1157-1171. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2022.3174397","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/a4ce43b7-4efe-4eea-80fa-a0406e4603c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a4ce43b7-4efe-4eea-80fa-a0406e4603c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Garg, N, Ge, H & Ratnarajah, T 2022, 'Generalized Superimposed Training Scheme In IRS-assisted Cell-free Massive MIMO Systems', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1157-1171. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2022.3174397","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2193117753","display_name":"COG-MHEAR: Towards cognitively-inspired 5G-IoT enabled, multi-modal Hearing Aids","funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447866707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980399727","https://openalex.org/W2003523039","https://openalex.org/W2090355293","https://openalex.org/W2098442555","https://openalex.org/W2105765353","https://openalex.org/W2112920116","https://openalex.org/W2142672529","https://openalex.org/W2146199885","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2794522179","https://openalex.org/W2889454423","https://openalex.org/W2894085760","https://openalex.org/W2897042688","https://openalex.org/W2919337008","https://openalex.org/W2924818594","https://openalex.org/W2932017467","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2965977336","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2969768389","https://openalex.org/W2971055251","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2989824358","https://openalex.org/W3005072086","https://openalex.org/W3008339132","https://openalex.org/W3021564798","https://openalex.org/W3023658322","https://openalex.org/W3028456340","https://openalex.org/W3035475152","https://openalex.org/W3047183268","https://openalex.org/W3088424958","https://openalex.org/W3096513223","https://openalex.org/W3099345048","https://openalex.org/W3102684176","https://openalex.org/W3111809517","https://openalex.org/W3125788208","https://openalex.org/W3130099654","https://openalex.org/W3130381884","https://openalex.org/W3131423280","https://openalex.org/W3134021994","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3171146543","https://openalex.org/W3184450255","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W3204917505","https://openalex.org/W3215556569","https://openalex.org/W4210689189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2784320098","https://openalex.org/W4292182623","https://openalex.org/W2613310977","https://openalex.org/W2079440735","https://openalex.org/W4388395902","https://openalex.org/W2542853907","https://openalex.org/W2069751432","https://openalex.org/W2077883150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"for":[3,71],"a":[4,18,65],"cell-free":[5],"massive":[6],"multi-input":[7],"multi-output":[8],"(MIMO)":[9],"system":[10,63],"assisted":[11],"with":[12,51,84],"intelligent":[13],"reflective":[14],"surface":[15],"(IRS)":[16],"panels,":[17],"generalized":[19],"superimposed":[20,117],"pilot":[21,112,138],"(GSP)":[22],"training":[23],"scheme":[24,113,169],"is":[25,69,81,141,170],"proposed,":[26],"where":[27],"the":[28,36,41,48,52,62,74,94,110,115,126,130,146,156,165,167,174],"available":[29],"number":[30,90,150],"of":[31,54,87,91,148,151],"pilots":[32,158],"are":[33,45,78],"equal":[34],"to":[35,60,109,145,155,172],"coherence":[37,49],"time":[38,50],"slots,":[39],"and":[40,73,89,103,114],"transmitting":[42],"data":[43,92,104,131],"symbols":[44,96],"spread":[46],"over":[47],"help":[53],"simple":[55],"precoding.":[56],"Further,":[57],"in":[58,164],"order":[59],"keep":[61],"scalable,":[64],"low":[66],"complexity":[67],"approach":[68],"employed":[70],"processing,":[72],"corresponding":[75],"rate":[76],"components":[77],"analyzed.":[79],"It":[80],"shown":[82,171],"that":[83,125],"careful":[85],"design":[86],"precoding":[88],"symbols,":[93],"GSP":[95],"can":[97],"provide":[98],"much":[99],"better":[100],"channel":[101,175],"estimation":[102,176],"detection":[105,132],"performance,":[106],"as":[107,153],"compared":[108,154],"regular":[111,157],"conventional":[116],"scheme.":[118],"These":[119],"results,":[120],"verified":[121],"via":[122],"simulations,":[123],"shows":[124],"centralized":[127],"processing":[128],"improves":[129],"performance":[133],"than":[134],"localized":[135],"processing.":[136],"The":[137],"contamination":[139],"effect,":[140],"significantly":[142],"reduced":[143],"due":[144],"availability":[147],"larger":[149],"pilots,":[152],"transmission.":[159],"For":[160],"four":[161],"IRS":[162],"panels":[163],"system,":[166],"proposed":[168],"reduce":[173],"errors":[177],"by":[178],"74%":[179],"approximately.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}