{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226406172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352","title":"A Multi-Channel Ratio-of-Ratios Method for Noncontact Hand Video Based SpO$_2$ Monitoring Using Smartphone Cameras","display_name":"A Multi-Channel Ratio-of-Ratios Method for Noncontact Hand Video Based SpO$_2$ Monitoring Using Smartphone Cameras","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226406172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08528","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069884358","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-5505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014799225","display_name":"Chau-Wai Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau-Wai Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Forensic Sciences Cluster, and the Secure Computing Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-7708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Forensic Sciences Cluster, and the Secure Computing Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043966171","display_name":"Sushant M. Ranadive","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-4285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushant M. Ranadive","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-4285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042783680","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-9357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-9357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83027494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"197","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6499022245407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5970702171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5440853834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4698430895805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17805862426757812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6499022245407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5970702171325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5440853834152222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4698430895805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17805862426757812}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2022.3152352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.08528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.08528","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.08528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.08528","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.08528","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153342661","https://openalex.org/W368469426","https://openalex.org/W1967412410","https://openalex.org/W1989659657","https://openalex.org/W1998585127","https://openalex.org/W2016808582","https://openalex.org/W2024811422","https://openalex.org/W2046013005","https://openalex.org/W2046263405","https://openalex.org/W2051531582","https://openalex.org/W2060642847","https://openalex.org/W2125186487","https://openalex.org/W2126178892","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139293067","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2267701310","https://openalex.org/W2292374408","https://openalex.org/W2398151908","https://openalex.org/W2425462918","https://openalex.org/W2460055594","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2529633583","https://openalex.org/W2540885409","https://openalex.org/W2559746881","https://openalex.org/W2904703014","https://openalex.org/W2921970332","https://openalex.org/W2947465139","https://openalex.org/W2963787550","https://openalex.org/W2972846851","https://openalex.org/W3000208000","https://openalex.org/W3021191129","https://openalex.org/W3025048286","https://openalex.org/W3035079953","https://openalex.org/W3035793637","https://openalex.org/W3049412607","https://openalex.org/W3094393010","https://openalex.org/W3104299208","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3126479760","https://openalex.org/W4241696018","https://openalex.org/W6729160658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blood":[0],"oxygen":[1,24,45,201],"saturation":[2],"(SpO$_2$)":[3],"is":[4,32,216],"an":[5,168],"important":[6],"indicator":[7],"forpulmonary":[8],"and":[9,76,99,133],"respiratory":[10],"functionalities.":[11],"Clinical":[12],"findings":[13],"on":[14,178],"COVID-19":[15],"show":[16,196],"that":[17,160,197],"many":[18],"patients":[19],"had":[20],"dangerously":[21],"low":[22],"blood":[23,44,200],"levels":[25],"not":[26],"long":[27],"before":[28],"conditions":[29],"worsened.":[30],"It":[31],"therefore":[33],"recommended,":[34],"especially":[35,102],"for":[36,47,114,190],"the":[37,43,89,123,128,139,152,155,185,222],"vulnerable":[38],"population,":[39],"to":[40,60,71,84,96,150,183],"regularly":[41],"monitor":[42],"level":[46],"precaution.":[48],"Recent":[49],"works":[50,66],"have":[51],"investigated":[52],"how":[53],"ubiquitous":[54],"smartphone":[55,140],"cameras":[56],"can":[57,204],"be":[58],"used":[59,217],"infer":[61],"SpO$_2$.":[62],"Most":[63],"of":[64,127,138,147,210],"these":[65],"are":[67],"contact-based,":[68],"requiring":[69],"users":[70],"cover":[72],"a":[73,82,104,111,206,213,219],"phone&#x2019;s":[74],"camera":[75],"its":[77],"nearby":[78],"light":[79,87],"source":[80],"with":[81],"finger":[83],"capture":[85],"reemitted":[86],"from":[88],"illuminated":[90],"tissue.":[91],"Contact-based":[92],"methods":[93],"may":[94],"lead":[95],"skin":[97],"irritation":[98],"sanitary":[100],"concerns,":[101],"during":[103],"pandemic.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"paper,":[108],"we":[109,142,171],"propose":[110],"noncontact":[112],"method":[113,159,203,225],"SpO$_2$monitoring":[115],"using":[116],"hand":[117],"videos":[118],"acquired":[119],"by":[120,226],"smartphones.":[121],"Considering":[122],"optical":[124],"broadband":[125],"nature":[126],"red":[129],"(R),":[130],"green":[131],"(G),":[132],"blue":[134],"(B)":[135],"color":[136,192],"channels":[137,146],"cameras,":[141],"exploit":[143],"all":[144],"three":[145],"RGB":[148],"sensing":[149],"distill":[151],"SpO$_2$information":[153],"beyond":[154],"traditional":[156,223],"ratio-of-ratios":[157],"(RoR)":[158],"uses":[161],"only":[162],"two":[163],"wavelengths.":[164],"To":[165],"further":[166],"facilitate":[167],"accurate":[169],"SpO$_2$prediction,":[170],"design":[172],"adaptive":[173],"narrow":[174],"bandpass":[175],"filters":[176],"based":[177],"accurately":[179],"estimated":[180],"heart":[181],"rate":[182],"obtain":[184],"most":[186],"cardiac-related":[187],"AC":[188],"component":[189],"each":[191],"channel.":[193],"Experimental":[194],"results":[195],"our":[198],"proposed":[199],"estimation":[202],"reach":[205],"mean":[207],"absolute":[208],"error":[209],"1.26&#x0025;":[211],"when":[212],"pulse":[214],"oximeter":[215],"as":[218],"reference,":[220],"outperforming":[221],"RoR":[224],"25&#x0025;.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
