{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037632138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","title":"Iteratively Training Look-Up Tables for Network Quantization","display_name":"Iteratively Training Look-Up Tables for Network Quantization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037632138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","mag":"3037632138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056623642","display_name":"Fabien Cardinaux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-4873"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Cardinaux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2921-4873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010554448","display_name":"Stefan Uhlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-4945"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Uhlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-4945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042409279","display_name":"Kazuki Yoshiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Yoshiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103939156","display_name":"Javier Alonso Garc\u00eda","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Alonso Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048602838","display_name":"Lukas Mauch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-899X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Mauch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9212-899X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061060655","display_name":"Stephen Tiedemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-1315"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Tiedemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-1315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007616499","display_name":"Thomas Kemp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-5916"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kemp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-5916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony European Technology Center, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071250790","display_name":"Akira Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-7026"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony Corporate, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony Corporate, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056623642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73293733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"860","last_page":"870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7796534299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7090744376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5645143985748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5428355932235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5200923681259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lookup-table","display_name":"Lookup table","score":0.5079737305641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4894534647464752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.46793290972709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4595798850059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36531272530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19253754615783691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7796534299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7090744376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5645143985748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5428355932235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5200923681259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.5079737305641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4894534647464752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46793290972709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4595798850059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36531272530555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19253754615783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.3005030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1985802984","https://openalex.org/W1992348535","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2046542508","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2143211536","https://openalex.org/W2145085734","https://openalex.org/W2149428536","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2156297475","https://openalex.org/W2172166488","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2260663238","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2405920868","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2588860837","https://openalex.org/W2594739706","https://openalex.org/W2619890685","https://openalex.org/W2751477244","https://openalex.org/W2785916643","https://openalex.org/W2889287351","https://openalex.org/W2900694899","https://openalex.org/W2907087576","https://openalex.org/W2916954108","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2936995161","https://openalex.org/W2947591755","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949964376","https://openalex.org/W2962791778","https://openalex.org/W2963048316","https://openalex.org/W2963082137","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2963723401","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964196118","https://openalex.org/W2964228333","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2966671006","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2994840239","https://openalex.org/W2995738369","https://openalex.org/W3037632138","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4293775671","https://openalex.org/W4300081896","https://openalex.org/W4375869345","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6679667936","https://openalex.org/W6681900174","https://openalex.org/W6682751323","https://openalex.org/W6685298420","https://openalex.org/W6685405536","https://openalex.org/W6686067075","https://openalex.org/W6692521979","https://openalex.org/W6714058667","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6733877748","https://openalex.org/W6734062232","https://openalex.org/W6734816693","https://openalex.org/W6739000085","https://openalex.org/W6743755670","https://openalex.org/W6745722055","https://openalex.org/W6748408302","https://openalex.org/W6755838813","https://openalex.org/W6756858221","https://openalex.org/W6758046424","https://openalex.org/W6760069825","https://openalex.org/W6761030284","https://openalex.org/W6763198355","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990962948","https://openalex.org/W2084169748","https://openalex.org/W2186864281","https://openalex.org/W4255427455","https://openalex.org/W2127529229","https://openalex.org/W1822998120","https://openalex.org/W2928062709","https://openalex.org/W2080898675","https://openalex.org/W4225363558","https://openalex.org/W2029882206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Operating":[0],"deep":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3,161],"(DNNs)":[4],"on":[5],"devices":[6],"with":[7],"limited":[8],"resources":[9],"requires":[10],"the":[11,32,36,43,82,102,116,144,149,156],"reduction":[12,22,60,121],"of":[13,35,129,148],"their":[14],"memory":[15],"as":[16,18,124],"well":[17],"computational":[19],"footprint.":[20],"Popular":[21],"methods":[23],"are":[24,47],"network":[25,37,44,59,83,126,132],"quantization":[26,136],"or":[27,39,134],"pruning,":[28,133],"which":[29,61,90],"either":[30],"reduce":[31],"word":[33],"length":[34],"parameters":[38],"remove":[40],"weights":[41],"from":[42],"if":[45],"they":[46],"not":[48],"needed.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"article,":[52],"we":[53,62,71],"discuss":[54],"a":[55,73,87,95],"general":[56],"framework":[57],"for":[58,162],"call":[63],"Look-Up":[64],"Table":[65],"Quantization":[66],"(LUT-Q).":[67],"For":[68],"each":[69],"layer,":[70],"learn":[72,100],"value":[74,103,117],"dictionary":[75],"and":[76,94,105,137],"an":[77],"assignment":[78,106],"matrix":[79],"to":[80,99,154,159],"represent":[81],"weights.":[84],"We":[85],"propose":[86],"special":[88],"solver":[89],"combines":[91],"gradient":[92],"descent":[93],"one-step":[96],"k-means":[97],"update":[98],"both":[101],"dictionaries":[104],"matrices":[107],"iteratively.":[108],"This":[109,146],"method":[110,151,158],"is":[111],"very":[112],"flexible:":[113],"by":[114],"constraining":[115],"dictionary,":[118],"many":[119],"different":[120,163],"problems":[122],"such":[123],"non-uniform":[125],"quantization,":[127],"training":[128],"multiplierless":[130],"networks,":[131],"simultaneous":[135],"pruning":[138],"can":[139],"be":[140],"implemented":[141],"without":[142],"changing":[143],"solver.":[145],"flexibility":[147],"LUT-Q":[150],"allows":[152],"us":[153],"use":[155],"same":[157],"train":[160],"hardware":[164],"capabilities.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
