{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004034302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","title":"Compact Recurrent Neural Networks for Acoustic Event Detection on Low-Energy Low-Complexity Platforms","display_name":"Compact Recurrent Neural Networks for Acoustic Event Detection on Low-Energy Low-Complexity Platforms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004034302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","mag":"3004034302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.10876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061643938","display_name":"Gianmarco Cerutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianmarco Cerutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-469X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091079465","display_name":"Rahul Prasad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0402-8310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066363315","display_name":"Alessio Brutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Brutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-3071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068548938","display_name":"Elisabetta Farella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Farella","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-9868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT-irst Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96511315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"654","last_page":"664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8006113767623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6796217560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5731250643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5483371615409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5224865078926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5062631368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43859124183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.43063974380493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.426555335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42190372943878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4038446545600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3850460648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.37160664796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19027018547058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10394531488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09227403998374939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8006113767623901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6796217560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5731250643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5483371615409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5224865078926086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5062631368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43859124183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.43063974380493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.426555335521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42190372943878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4038446545600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3850460648536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.37160664796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19027018547058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10394531488418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09227403998374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.2969775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.10876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10876","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.10876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/800126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/800126","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.10876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.10876","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.10876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533561824","https://openalex.org/W1591127930","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1798945469","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1972567154","https://openalex.org/W2038484192","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2061860832","https://openalex.org/W2105068979","https://openalex.org/W2114766824","https://openalex.org/W2115447976","https://openalex.org/W2141175342","https://openalex.org/W2156150815","https://openalex.org/W2161591461","https://openalex.org/W2167215970","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2286365479","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2407023693","https://openalex.org/W2419597278","https://openalex.org/W2509065397","https://openalex.org/W2526050071","https://openalex.org/W2560540238","https://openalex.org/W2566935005","https://openalex.org/W2585140699","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2739789140","https://openalex.org/W2766772137","https://openalex.org/W2768083292","https://openalex.org/W2769461711","https://openalex.org/W2769912137","https://openalex.org/W2775505379","https://openalex.org/W2784372305","https://openalex.org/W2802082151","https://openalex.org/W2888469011","https://openalex.org/W2914312680","https://openalex.org/W2938868270","https://openalex.org/W2939574508","https://openalex.org/W2950248853","https://openalex.org/W2952899695","https://openalex.org/W2962833442","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W2964130437","https://openalex.org/W2964187693","https://openalex.org/W2964629492","https://openalex.org/W2964861433","https://openalex.org/W2972824267","https://openalex.org/W3098191139","https://openalex.org/W3098357269","https://openalex.org/W3215500402","https://openalex.org/W6632323398","https://openalex.org/W6637551013","https://openalex.org/W6638060716","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6683826617","https://openalex.org/W6684563725","https://openalex.org/W6696004547","https://openalex.org/W6717177883","https://openalex.org/W6730456916","https://openalex.org/W6741553980","https://openalex.org/W6746451879","https://openalex.org/W6747331233","https://openalex.org/W6747876305","https://openalex.org/W6751828926","https://openalex.org/W6766530578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W2771395446","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W3112038843","https://openalex.org/W3204400881","https://openalex.org/W3214410901","https://openalex.org/W3204296682","https://openalex.org/W3183118997","https://openalex.org/W2917767146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outdoor":[0],"acoustic":[1],"event":[2,63,99],"detection":[3,64,100],"is":[4,40,83,90],"an":[5,35,111,140],"exciting":[6],"research":[7],"field":[8],"but":[9],"challenged":[10],"by":[11,69],"the":[12,59,66,79,150],"need":[13],"for":[14,78,97,146],"complex":[15],"algorithms":[16],"and":[17,26,46,153],"deep":[18,71],"learning":[19,72],"techniques,":[20],"typically":[21],"requiring":[22],"many":[23],"computational,":[24],"memory,":[25],"energy":[27,54],"resources.":[28],"These":[29],"challenges":[30],"discourage":[31],"IoT":[32],"implementations,":[33],"where":[34],"efficient":[36],"use":[37],"of":[38,61,143,149,156,163],"resources":[39],"required.":[41],"However,":[42],"current":[43,103],"embedded":[44,76,124],"technologies":[45],"microcontrollers":[47],"have":[48],"increased":[49],"their":[50],"capabilities":[51],"without":[52],"penalizing":[53],"efficiency.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"addresses":[58],"application":[60],"sound":[62,98],"at":[65],"very":[67],"edge,":[68],"optimizing":[70],"techniques":[73],"on":[74,102,110,117,132],"resource-constrained":[75],"platforms":[77],"IoT.":[80],"The":[81],"contribution":[82],"two-fold:":[84],"firstly,":[85],"a":[86],"two-stage":[87],"student-teacher":[88],"approach":[89,109],"presented":[91],"to":[92,120],"make":[93],"state-of-the-art":[94,137],"neural":[95],"networks":[96],"fit":[101],"microcontrollers;":[104],"secondly,":[105],"we":[106],"test":[107],"our":[108],"ARM":[112],"Cortex":[113],"M4,":[114],"particularly":[115],"focusing":[116],"issues":[118],"related":[119],"8-bits":[121],"quantization.":[122],"Our":[123],"implementation":[125],"can":[126],"achieve":[127],"68%":[128],"accuracy":[129],"in":[130,159],"recognition":[131],"Urbansound8k,":[133],"not":[134],"far":[135],"from":[136],"performance,":[138],"with":[139],"inference":[141],"time":[142],"125":[144],"ms":[145],"each":[147],"second":[148],"audio":[151],"stream,":[152],"power":[154],"consumption":[155],"5.5":[157],"mW":[158],"just":[160],"34.3":[161],"kB":[162],"RAM.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2020-02-07T00:00:00"}