{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2940845926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","title":"Differential-Detection Aided Large-Scale Generalized Spatial Modulation is Capable of Operating in High-Mobility Millimeter-Wave Channels","display_name":"Differential-Detection Aided Large-Scale Generalized Spatial Modulation is Capable of Operating in High-Mobility Millimeter-Wave Channels","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2940845926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","mag":"2940845926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/430982/1/190423_main_accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088245484","display_name":"Naoki Ishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-4849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57930482","display_name":"Hiroshima City University","ror":"https://ror.org/001et4e78","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010477529","display_name":"Rakshith Rajashekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-7539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakshith Rajashekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002507578","display_name":"Chao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8423-0342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016934590","display_name":"Mohammed El\u2010Hajjar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed El-Hajjar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033883091","display_name":"Shinya Sugiura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-8696"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinya Sugiura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329747","display_name":"Lie\u2010Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lie-Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122305","display_name":"Lajos Hanzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lajos Hanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088245484"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57930482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3765,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92783298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"6","first_page":"1360","last_page":"1374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6525869965553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6349804401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5686495304107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5446407794952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.540624737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5349684357643127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.48122501373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.4799354672431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4599775969982147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.44303345680236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36965638399124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.368733286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21701177954673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14906612038612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1360960602760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11260673403739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11015915870666504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525869965553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6349804401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5686495304107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5446407794952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.540624737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5349684357643127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.48122501373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.4799354672431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4599775969982147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.44303345680236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36965638399124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.368733286857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21701177954673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14906612038612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1360960602760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11260673403739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11015915870666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2913130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:430982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2019.2913130>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/430982/1/190423_main_accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:430982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2019.2913130>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/430982/1/190423_main_accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1972339859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P034284/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3931104416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L018659/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3964311364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N004558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2940845926.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2940845926.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969629138","https://openalex.org/W1972150576","https://openalex.org/W1988369020","https://openalex.org/W2016999686","https://openalex.org/W2018760005","https://openalex.org/W2024165284","https://openalex.org/W2039847992","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2058072664","https://openalex.org/W2059428565","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2076157696","https://openalex.org/W2076314006","https://openalex.org/W2085098436","https://openalex.org/W2106100486","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2109062787","https://openalex.org/W2110559703","https://openalex.org/W2110836275","https://openalex.org/W2115924971","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2121657437","https://openalex.org/W2126423562","https://openalex.org/W2126734312","https://openalex.org/W2132821178","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2138696817","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2146002389","https://openalex.org/W2151208459","https://openalex.org/W2156336894","https://openalex.org/W2157293015","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2165817157","https://openalex.org/W2169036624","https://openalex.org/W2170723734","https://openalex.org/W2219173875","https://openalex.org/W2219770862","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2334570067","https://openalex.org/W2335762080","https://openalex.org/W2336770412","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2515529682","https://openalex.org/W2520806504","https://openalex.org/W2523249769","https://openalex.org/W2541204438","https://openalex.org/W2561711658","https://openalex.org/W2562197722","https://openalex.org/W2576804663","https://openalex.org/W2582220099","https://openalex.org/W2591657289","https://openalex.org/W2593762851","https://openalex.org/W2594990926","https://openalex.org/W2606103544","https://openalex.org/W2730293471","https://openalex.org/W2741240030","https://openalex.org/W2742979554","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2759690425","https://openalex.org/W2766305950","https://openalex.org/W2767089816","https://openalex.org/W2771579582","https://openalex.org/W2781054684","https://openalex.org/W2885391476","https://openalex.org/W2888962245","https://openalex.org/W2889804290","https://openalex.org/W2896110918","https://openalex.org/W2897900658","https://openalex.org/W2935332413","https://openalex.org/W2963024578","https://openalex.org/W2963969247","https://openalex.org/W2964179071","https://openalex.org/W4242629969","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W6642364658","https://openalex.org/W6654967247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W1823457431","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W3124036039","https://openalex.org/W2130785056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large-scale":[1],"differential-detection":[2],"aided":[3],"generalized":[4],"spatial":[5],"modulation":[6],"(GSM)":[7],"system":[8],"is":[9,25,57],"proposed,":[10],"which":[11,72],"relies":[12],"on":[13],"a":[14,58,94],"novel":[15],"Gram-Schmidt":[16],"basis":[17],"set":[18],"and":[19,24,39,84,109],"an":[20,74],"adaptive":[21],"low-complexity":[22],"detector,":[23],"evidently":[26],"suitable":[27],"for":[28,69],"high-mobility":[29],"millimeter-wave":[30],"(mmWave)":[31],"channels.":[32],"We":[33],"consider":[34],"nonstationary":[35],"time-varying":[36],"mmWave":[37],"channels":[38],"assume":[40],"that":[41,124],"the":[42,48,63,80,99,106,110,119,125,136,141],"beam-angles":[43],"remain":[44],"relatively":[45],"fixed,":[46],"while":[47],"channel":[49,67],"coefficients":[50,68],"vary":[51],"rapidly.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"scenario,":[55],"it":[56],"challenging":[59],"task":[60],"to":[61],"find":[62],"accurate":[64],"estimates":[65],"of":[66,82,127,138,145],"digital":[70],"beamforming,":[71],"becomes":[73],"even":[75],"more":[76],"severe":[77],"problem,":[78],"as":[79],"numbers":[81],"subarrays":[83],"subcarriers":[85],"increase.":[86],"Our":[87,115],"analog-beamforming-aided":[88],"nonsquare":[89,130],"differentially":[90],"detected":[91],"scheme":[92],"achieves":[93],"higher":[95],"transmission":[96,143],"rate":[97,144],"than":[98],"conventional":[100],"coherent":[101],"multiple-input":[102],"multiple-output":[103],"schemes":[104],"because":[105],"pilot":[107],"overhead":[108],"complex-valued":[111],"feedback":[112],"are":[113],"eliminated.":[114],"simulation":[116],"results":[117],"following":[118],"IEEE":[120],"802.11ad":[121],"specifications":[122],"show":[123],"performance":[126],"our":[128],"proposed":[129],"differential":[131],"GSM":[132],"improved":[133],"upon":[134],"increasing":[135],"number":[137],"subarrays,":[139],"where":[140],"maximum":[142],"16":[146],"b/s/Hz":[147],"was":[148],"considered.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}