{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999890569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","title":"Asymptotic Efficiency of the PHD in Multitarget/Multisensor Estimation","display_name":"Asymptotic Efficiency of the PHD in Multitarget/Multisensor Estimation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999890569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","mag":"1999890569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042374975","display_name":"Paolo Braca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162703","display_name":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/05xagc088","country_code":"BE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Braca","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATO STO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Italy","NATO-STO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO STO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO-STO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088577155","display_name":"Stefano Maran\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-0980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Marano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","Dept. of Inf. & Electr. Eng., & Appl. Math., Univ. of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. & Electr. Eng., & Appl. Math., Univ. of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033752533","display_name":"Vincenzo Matta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-4027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Matta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","Dept. of Inf. & Electr. Eng., & Appl. Math., Univ. of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. & Electr. Eng., & Appl. Math., Univ. of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019392883","display_name":"Peter Willett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042374975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162703"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4276,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98853265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"553","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6053284406661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.575612485408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5309644937515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.47646141052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46783626079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.4555231034755707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.43468767404556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.43290841579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3965162932872772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39281827211380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36536645889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24432584643363953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.11223214864730835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053284406661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.575612485408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5309644937515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.47646141052246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46783626079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.4555231034755707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.43468767404556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.43290841579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3965162932872772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39281827211380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36536645889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24432584643363953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.11223214864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2013.2257161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34992941","https://openalex.org/W70609629","https://openalex.org/W80300543","https://openalex.org/W103475893","https://openalex.org/W131014363","https://openalex.org/W1460189015","https://openalex.org/W1504091816","https://openalex.org/W1511751337","https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1557595030","https://openalex.org/W1568122762","https://openalex.org/W1974273619","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W2006625858","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2033913416","https://openalex.org/W2034767804","https://openalex.org/W2048605796","https://openalex.org/W2053286025","https://openalex.org/W2092743072","https://openalex.org/W2097381076","https://openalex.org/W2098296991","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2109547112","https://openalex.org/W2110341111","https://openalex.org/W2117220105","https://openalex.org/W2118306826","https://openalex.org/W2126885789","https://openalex.org/W2130054489","https://openalex.org/W2134981642","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2137927693","https://openalex.org/W2492752217","https://openalex.org/W2525528836","https://openalex.org/W4232632925","https://openalex.org/W4246841922","https://openalex.org/W4249446031","https://openalex.org/W4298927045","https://openalex.org/W4301258660","https://openalex.org/W4302561155","https://openalex.org/W6630367669","https://openalex.org/W6633511732","https://openalex.org/W6652113595","https://openalex.org/W6677298047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W2023861399","https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2730915376","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W4321636575","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2917961983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"an":[1],"unknown":[2],"number":[3,137,158,162,201],"of":[4,39,56,61,82,103,122,138,154,163,172,202],"objects":[5],"is":[6,32,65,80,93,97,107,117,144,159],"challenging,":[7],"and":[8,52,112,165,204],"often":[9],"requires":[10],"looking":[11],"beyond":[12],"classical":[13,174],"statistical":[14],"tools.":[15],"When":[16],"many":[17],"sensors":[18,139],"are":[19,47,188],"available":[20,48],"the":[21,37,40,62,66,74,78,120,127,132,136,147,160,170,173,183,200],"estimation":[22,51,81,124],"accuracy":[23],"can":[24],"reasonably":[25],"be":[26],"expected":[27],"to":[28,72,141,192],"improve,":[29],"but":[30],"there":[31],"a":[33,152,179,193],"concomitant":[34],"rise":[35],"in":[36,76,101,131,169],"complexity":[38],"inference":[41],"task.":[42],"Nowadays,":[43],"several":[44],"practical":[45],"algorithms":[46],"for":[49,89,126],"multitarget/multisensor":[50],"tracking.":[53],"In":[54],"terms":[55,102],"current":[57],"research":[58],"activity":[59],"one":[60],"most":[63],"popular":[64],"probability":[67],"hypothesis":[68],"density,":[69],"commonly":[70],"referred":[71],"as":[73,151],"PHD,":[75],"which":[77,197],"goal":[79],"object":[83,90],"locations":[84],"(unlabeled":[85],"estimation)":[86],"without":[87],"concern":[88],"identity":[91],"(which":[92],"which).":[94],"While":[95],"it":[96],"relatively":[98],"well":[99],"understood":[100],"its":[104,110],"implementation,":[105],"little":[106],"known":[108],"about":[109],"performance":[111,125],"ultimate":[113],"limits.":[114],"This":[115],"paper":[116],"focused":[118],"on":[119],"characterization":[121],"PHD":[123,148],"static":[128],"multitarget":[129],"case,":[130],"limiting":[133],"regime":[134],"where":[135],"goes":[140],"infinity.":[142],"It":[143],"found":[145],"that":[146],"asymptotically":[149],"behaves":[150],"mixture":[153],"Gaussian":[155],"components,":[156],"whose":[157,166],"true":[161],"targets,":[164,203],"peaks":[167],"collapse":[168],"neighborhood":[171],"maximum":[175],"likelihood":[176],"estimates,":[177],"with":[178,190],"spread":[180],"ruled":[181],"by":[182],"Fisher":[184],"information.":[185],"Similar":[186],"findings":[187],"obtained":[189],"reference":[191],"na\u00efve,":[194],"two-step":[195],"algorithm":[196],"first":[198],"detects":[199],"then":[205],"estimates":[206],"their":[207],"positions.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
