{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107131609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","title":"A Survey of Active Learning Algorithms for Supervised Remote Sensing Image Classification","display_name":"A Survey of Active Learning Algorithms for Supervised Remote Sensing Image Classification","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107131609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","mag":"2107131609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07784","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005192117","display_name":"Devis Tuia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-2459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devis Tuia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037775056","display_name":"Michele Volpi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2771-0750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Volpi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069111880","display_name":"Loris Copa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145709","display_name":"Sarmap (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/043753e82","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145709"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loris Copa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","SARMAP S.A., Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SARMAP S.A., Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068472081","display_name":"Mikha\u00efl Kanevski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhail Kanevski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geomatics and Analysis of Risk, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085480844","display_name":"Jordi Mu\u00f1oz-Mar\u0131\u0301","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-3921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Munoz-Mari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.5681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":551,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99823572,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"606","last_page":"617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7902458906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.7027982473373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.646331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5774613618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5762609243392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5695499181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5660473704338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5025477409362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4753789007663727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47177553176879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4148671329021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3924548327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3890370726585388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7902458906173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7027982473373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.646331787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5774613618850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5762609243392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5695499181747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5660473704338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5025477409362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4753789007663727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47177553176879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4148671329021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4135856330394745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3924548327922821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3890370726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2011.2139193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.07784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07784","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/39387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/39387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_105485A3B4AA","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_105485A3B4AA","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 606-617","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:wur:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/566226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/a-survey-of-active-learning-algorithms-for-supervised-remote-sens","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5(3), 606 - 617","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.07784","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.07784","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.07784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59495185","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1483816357","https://openalex.org/W1484084878","https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1513874326","https://openalex.org/W1514940655","https://openalex.org/W1528361845","https://openalex.org/W1549656520","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1664950380","https://openalex.org/W1845402413","https://openalex.org/W1966566667","https://openalex.org/W1967400946","https://openalex.org/W1988747891","https://openalex.org/W1992560223","https://openalex.org/W1997903011","https://openalex.org/W2018770010","https://openalex.org/W2023265265","https://openalex.org/W2024968541","https://openalex.org/W2029436780","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2065383075","https://openalex.org/W2080021732","https://openalex.org/W2082397227","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2087556827","https://openalex.org/W2098203240","https://openalex.org/W2098758111","https://openalex.org/W2099129687","https://openalex.org/W2100835628","https://openalex.org/W2101927381","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2115305054","https://openalex.org/W2125458569","https://openalex.org/W2125687218","https://openalex.org/W2130430899","https://openalex.org/W2134594501","https://openalex.org/W2134663338","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2138517257","https://openalex.org/W2139573966","https://openalex.org/W2143354507","https://openalex.org/W2150045166","https://openalex.org/W2151023586","https://openalex.org/W2152414269","https://openalex.org/W2153538582","https://openalex.org/W2154772499","https://openalex.org/W2168795822","https://openalex.org/W2168867644","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2171332245","https://openalex.org/W2426031434","https://openalex.org/W2570764145","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2949071206","https://openalex.org/W3023786531","https://openalex.org/W4230030242","https://openalex.org/W4250800088","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4310738704","https://openalex.org/W4320339642","https://openalex.org/W6628826841","https://openalex.org/W6628964739","https://openalex.org/W6630965568","https://openalex.org/W6638701278","https://openalex.org/W6647464454","https://openalex.org/W6655195918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W2007032764","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W4352977312","https://openalex.org/W4312926500","https://openalex.org/W2041180560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Defining":[0],"an":[1,41],"efficient":[2,57],"training":[3,58],"set":[4],"is":[5,46,90],"one":[6],"of":[7,15,23,79,82,108,120],"the":[8,13,24,26,35,63,72,80,88,96,105,122,127,160],"most":[9,97,123],"delicate":[10],"phases":[11],"for":[12,95,158,165],"success":[14],"remote":[16,128,142],"sensing":[17,129,143],"image":[18,154],"classification":[19],"routines.":[20],"The":[21],"complexity":[22],"problem,":[25],"limited":[27],"temporal":[28],"and":[29,86,103,115,133,138,152],"financial":[30],"resources,":[31],"as":[32,34],"well":[33],"high":[36,149],"intraclass":[37],"variance":[38],"can":[39],"make":[40],"algorithm":[42],"fail":[43],"if":[44],"it":[45],"trained":[47],"with":[48],"a":[49,77],"suboptimal":[50],"dataset.":[51],"Active":[52],"learning":[53,110],"aims":[54],"at":[55],"building":[56],"sets":[59],"by":[60],"iteratively":[61],"improving":[62],"model":[64],"performance":[65],"through":[66],"sampling.":[67],"A":[68],"user-defined":[69],"heuristic":[70],"ranks":[71],"unlabeled":[73],"pixels":[74],"according":[75],"to":[76,92],"function":[78],"uncertainty":[81],"their":[83],"class":[84],"membership":[85],"then":[87],"user":[89],"asked":[91],"provide":[93],"labels":[94],"uncertain":[98],"pixels.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101],"reviews":[102],"tests":[104],"main":[106],"families":[107],"active":[109],"algorithms:":[111],"committee,":[112],"large":[113],"margin,":[114],"posterior":[116],"probability-based.":[117],"For":[118],"each":[119],"them,":[121],"recent":[124],"advances":[125],"in":[126],"community":[130],"are":[131,136,145,163],"discussed":[132],"some":[134],"heuristics":[135],"detailed":[137],"tested.":[139],"Several":[140],"challenging":[141],"scenarios":[144],"considered,":[146],"including":[147],"very":[148],"spatial":[150],"resolution":[151],"hyperspectral":[153],"classification.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"guidelines":[157],"choosing":[159],"good":[161],"architecture":[162],"provided":[164],"new":[166],"and/or":[167],"unexperienced":[168],"user.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}