{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141977323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","title":"Simulating Ionosphere-Induced Scintillation for Testing GPS Receiver Phase Tracking Loops","display_name":"Simulating Ionosphere-Induced Scintillation for Testing GPS Receiver Phase Tracking Loops","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141977323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","mag":"2141977323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026955319","display_name":"Todd E. Humphreys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd E. Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036783713","display_name":"Mark L. Psiaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-1217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark L. Psiaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037647247","display_name":"Joanna Hinks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna C. Hinks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibley Sch. of Mech. & Aerosp. Eng., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066407067","display_name":"Brady W. O\u2019Hanlon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-8837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brady O'Hanlon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109926858","display_name":"P. M. Kintner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Kintner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026955319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":163.0323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9990467,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"707","last_page":"715"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.9140341281890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplanetary-scintillation","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","score":0.7050251960754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7015669345855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4325380325317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3820174038410187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.23162510991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1551699936389923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.0665452778339386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.9140341281890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10880902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056358","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","level":5,"score":0.7050251960754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7015669345855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4325380325317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3820174038410187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.23162510991096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1551699936389923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0665452778339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72886185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129890","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2009.2024130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101806415","https://openalex.org/W153046365","https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1555197957","https://openalex.org/W1567412085","https://openalex.org/W1738267723","https://openalex.org/W1805424336","https://openalex.org/W1937100563","https://openalex.org/W1941034714","https://openalex.org/W1975316644","https://openalex.org/W1978139766","https://openalex.org/W1987067454","https://openalex.org/W1988850019","https://openalex.org/W1994641974","https://openalex.org/W2007728064","https://openalex.org/W2038398626","https://openalex.org/W2052946124","https://openalex.org/W2054759121","https://openalex.org/W2055039109","https://openalex.org/W2098406469","https://openalex.org/W2106809543","https://openalex.org/W2113156085","https://openalex.org/W2115956605","https://openalex.org/W2160501684","https://openalex.org/W2161528515","https://openalex.org/W2166363517","https://openalex.org/W2168341367","https://openalex.org/W2183949221","https://openalex.org/W2188568056","https://openalex.org/W2620559678","https://openalex.org/W2999269578","https://openalex.org/W6633876822","https://openalex.org/W6686140706","https://openalex.org/W6687079976","https://openalex.org/W6738783490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2943215110","https://openalex.org/W1973014775","https://openalex.org/W2579882030","https://openalex.org/W2610474750","https://openalex.org/W2596989700","https://openalex.org/W4387398140","https://openalex.org/W3130682789","https://openalex.org/W2547517296","https://openalex.org/W1909438361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simple":[1],"model":[2,13,77,93,130],"is":[3,43,60],"proposed":[4],"for":[5,25],"simulating":[6],"equatorial":[7],"transionospheric":[8],"radio":[9],"wave":[10],"scintillation.":[11],"The":[12,92],"can":[14,94,131],"be":[15,95,132],"used":[16,133],"to":[17,45,62,134],"test":[18,135],"Global":[19],"Positioning":[20],"System":[21],"phase":[22],"tracking":[23,89],"loops":[24],"scintillation":[26,32,41,59,85,99,108,137],"robustness":[27,138],"because":[28],"it":[29],"captures":[30],"the":[31,39,51,54,76,107,117,129,136],"properties":[33],"that":[34,64,101],"affect":[35],"such":[36],"loops.":[37],"In":[38],"model,":[40],"amplitude":[42],"assumed":[44,61],"follow":[46,63],"a":[47,66,98],"Rice":[48],"distribution,":[49],"and":[50,75,83,116],"spectrum":[52],"of":[53,57,65,139],"rapidly-varying":[55],"component":[56],"complex":[58],"low-pass":[67],"second-order":[68],"Butterworth":[69],"filter.":[70],"These":[71],"assumptions":[72],"are":[73],"justified,":[74],"validated,":[78],"by":[79],"comparison":[80],"with":[81],"phase-screen-generated":[82],"empirical":[84],"data":[86],"in":[87],"realistic":[88],"loop":[90],"tests.":[91],"mechanized":[96],"as":[97],"simulator":[100],"expects":[102],"only":[103],"two":[104],"input":[105],"parameters:":[106],"index":[109],"<i":[110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111,114,122],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">S</i>":[112],"<sub":[113,121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">4</sub>":[115],"decorrelation":[118],"time":[119],"tau":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>":[123],".":[124],"Hardware-in-the-loop":[125],"tests":[126],"show":[127],"how":[128],"any":[140],"compatible":[141],"GPS":[142],"receiver.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}