{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416873334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","title":"Anomaly Detection of InSAR Time-Series Displacements Based on Generative Adversarial Network","display_name":"Anomaly Detection of InSAR Time-Series Displacements Based on Generative Adversarial Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416873334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042413003","display_name":"Siting Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siting Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-121X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023011800","display_name":"Zhichao Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032767536","display_name":"Bochen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-2084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102541","display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00sdcjz77","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bochen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-2084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661885","display_name":"Jiayuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1985-2938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102541","display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00sdcjz77","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050021374","display_name":"Chisheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3489-173X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102541","display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00sdcjz77","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chisheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, and the School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3489-173X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area, and the School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43872082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1227","last_page":"1239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.541100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.541100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.08630000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.06279999762773514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.45910000801086426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.776199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6531000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.633400022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6175000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5888000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123149101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229184","display_name":"Displacement mapping","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3639018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2367587776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25TS1404600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2762997980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3900214220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011679","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7191332465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42404012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G961307736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515110861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672745209","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2047029664","https://openalex.org/W2123632763","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2528353207","https://openalex.org/W2606229020","https://openalex.org/W2756338894","https://openalex.org/W2805689038","https://openalex.org/W2973129592","https://openalex.org/W2981305283","https://openalex.org/W2999061277","https://openalex.org/W3011186981","https://openalex.org/W3088115602","https://openalex.org/W3126459628","https://openalex.org/W3126612145","https://openalex.org/W3136173905","https://openalex.org/W3140478420","https://openalex.org/W3180748560","https://openalex.org/W3200808365","https://openalex.org/W3215290057","https://openalex.org/W4211011445","https://openalex.org/W4226236267","https://openalex.org/W4226377949","https://openalex.org/W4286629040","https://openalex.org/W4296830418","https://openalex.org/W4306166982","https://openalex.org/W4317727051","https://openalex.org/W4320024046","https://openalex.org/W4361291826","https://openalex.org/W4362653569","https://openalex.org/W4384131957","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385487063","https://openalex.org/W4385578715","https://openalex.org/W4390383581","https://openalex.org/W4391608861","https://openalex.org/W4391688468","https://openalex.org/W4392952137","https://openalex.org/W4394580317","https://openalex.org/W4394818888","https://openalex.org/W4405895877"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interferometric":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(InSAR)":[4],"is":[5,43,81],"a":[6,74,91,120,172],"widely":[7],"applied":[8,186,231],"and":[9,16,68,149,160,168,208,213],"highly":[10],"efficient":[11],"tool":[12],"for":[13,136],"monitoring":[14],"large-scale":[15],"long-term":[17],"ground":[18,190],"displacements.":[19],"In":[20],"most":[21],"applications,":[22],"evaluating":[23],"InSAR":[24,78,84,240],"results":[25,80,198,241],"on":[26,31,105,140],"land":[27],"displacements":[28,103,191],"primarily":[29],"depends":[30],"the":[32,36,48,53,59,127,144,157,161,179,188,193,201,206,239,243],"displacement":[33,79,124,131,222],"rate/velocity.":[34],"However,":[35],"full":[37],"exploitation":[38],"of":[39,52,61,64,77,146,192,210,242],"time":[40,101,107,122,129],"series":[41,76,102,108,123,130],"information":[42],"becoming":[44],"increasingly":[45],"important":[46],"as":[47,236],"increasing":[49],"temporal":[50],"coverage":[51],"SAR":[54],"dataset":[55],"can":[56,228],"lead":[57],"to":[58,94,132,155,187,233],"composition":[60],"different":[62],"sequences":[63,163,212],"one":[65],"target.":[66],"Effectively":[67],"efficiently":[69],"detecting":[70],"abnormal":[71],"timestamps":[72,98,148],"from":[73],"full-time":[75],"critical":[82],"in":[83,99,246],"post-analysis.":[85],"To":[86],"this":[87],"end,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"novel":[92],"approach":[93],"automatically":[95],"detect":[96],"anomalous":[97,147,162,211],"InSAR-derived":[100,128,189],"based":[104],"improved":[106,117],"anomaly":[109,134,142,151,215],"detection":[110],"using":[111,171],"generative":[112],"adversarial":[113],"networks":[114],"(TadGAN).":[115],"The":[116,182,197,225],"TadGAN":[118],"generates":[119],"normal":[121],"compared":[125],"with":[126,178],"obtain":[133],"scores":[135,152],"each":[137],"timestamp.":[138],"Based":[139],"these":[141],"scores,":[143],"ratio":[145],"maximum":[150],"was":[153,185],"calculated":[154],"assess":[156],"risk":[158],"levels,":[159],"were":[164],"classified":[165],"into":[166],"abrupt":[167],"trend":[169],"types":[170],"simple":[173],"convolutional":[174],"neural":[175],"network":[176],"integrated":[177],"attention":[180],"mechanism.":[181],"proposed":[183,202],"method":[184,203],"Hong":[194,247],"Kong\u2013Zhuhai\u2013Macao":[195],"Bridge.":[196],"show":[199],"that":[200,217],"successfully":[204],"detects":[205],"start":[207],"end":[209],"produces":[214],"maps":[216],"are":[218],"more":[219],"accurate":[220],"than":[221],"rate":[223],"maps.":[224],"trained":[226],"model":[227],"also":[229],"be":[230],"directly":[232],"other":[234],"regions,":[235],"validated":[237],"by":[238],"Kowloon":[244],"Peninsula":[245],"Kong.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}