{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416706201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","title":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Normalized Grouping Fused Comprehensive Relative Position Transformer Network","display_name":"Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Normalized Grouping Fused Comprehensive Relative Position Transformer Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416706201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056982018","display_name":"Ying Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-3526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mengru Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4583-9645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengru Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4583-9645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636411","display_name":"Liguo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-6233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61565387","display_name":"Dalian Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hxfx521","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liguo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9373-6233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61565387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681628","display_name":"Shan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-0729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625785","display_name":"Liwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-6865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-6865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771199","display_name":"Chunhui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-4394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-4394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43212386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1515","last_page":"1532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.650600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.39079999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7353000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.6599000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.650600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7fbb7478862d4568ac2d389601b855ec","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7fbb7478862d4568ac2d389601b855ec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 19, Pp 1515-1532 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3637374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2823617068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5555033368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024PMTI03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326931","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6033038711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62275059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7424700364","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eSVM\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6df7\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8790557928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2023F014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326931","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"hyperspectral":[1],"image":[2],"(HSI)":[3],"classification,":[4],"Transformer":[5],"and":[6,31,82,104,116,136],"CNN":[7],"are":[8],"widely":[9],"used":[10],"because":[11],"they":[12],"complement":[13],"each":[14],"other":[15],"in":[16,162],"extracting":[17],"features.":[18],"Nevertheless,":[19],"existing":[20,189],"Transformer-based":[21],"methods":[22],"still":[23],"struggle":[24],"to":[25,44,132,155,188],"capture":[26],"fine-grained":[27],"local":[28,110,126],"spatial":[29,102,140],"details":[30],"positional":[32,106],"relationships.":[33],"Meanwhile,":[34],"CNN-based":[35],"attention":[36],"mechanisms":[37],"typically":[38],"process":[39],"all":[40],"spectral":[41,153,164],"bands":[42,154],"simultaneously":[43],"obtain":[45],"global":[46,117],"features,":[47],"often":[48],"overlooking":[49],"locally":[50,159],"salient":[51,160],"information.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55],"challenges,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"an":[59],"innovative":[60],"normalized":[61,84],"grouping":[62,150],"fused":[63],"comprehensive":[64,77],"relative":[65,78,105,112,119],"position":[66,79,113,120],"transformer":[67,114,121],"network":[68],"(NG-CRPTN).":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"NG-CRPTN":[71,177],"comprises":[72],"two":[73],"core":[74],"modules:":[75],"the":[76,83,109,163,175],"module":[80,130],"(CRPM)":[81],"mutual":[85],"information":[86,138],"band":[87,149],"division":[88],"(NMIBD).":[89],"The":[90,145],"former":[91],"employs":[92],"tokens":[93],"of":[94,151],"different":[95,143],"dimensions":[96],"as":[97],"its":[98],"foundation,":[99],"modeling":[100],"local-to-global":[101],"structures":[103],"relationships":[107],"through":[108],"independent":[111,118],"(LIRPT)":[115],"(GIRPT),":[122],"while":[123],"incorporating":[124],"a":[125],"complementary":[127],"enhancement":[128],"fusion":[129],"(LCEFM)":[131],"deeply":[133],"integrate":[134],"high":[135],"low-frequency":[137],"from":[139],"features":[141,161],"across":[142],"dimensions.":[144],"latter":[146],"achieves":[147,178],"adaptive":[148],"HSI":[152,171],"better":[156],"focus":[157],"on":[158,169],"dimension.":[165],"Extensive":[166],"experiments":[167],"conducted":[168],"four":[170],"datasets":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"that":[174],"proposed":[176],"superior":[179],"classification":[180],"accuracy":[181],"with":[182],"relatively":[183],"few":[184],"training":[185],"samples":[186],"compared":[187],"state-of-the-art":[190],"methods.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}