{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7105862435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","title":"Satellite Observation of Sea Ice Concentration Based on Chinese HY-1C/D Data","display_name":"Satellite Observation of Sea Ice Concentration Based on Chinese HY-1C/D Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7105862435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiming Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Meteorological Observatory, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Meteorological Observatory, Dalian, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deyong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-2732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shengqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4725-1635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lijian Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-3984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijian Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muhammad Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-3999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and City Design Department, College of Design and Built Environment, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and City Design Department, College of Design and Built Environment, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongjun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9579-1217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuyan Lang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyan Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-1208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128742","display_name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service","ror":"https://ror.org/038fwcw54","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128742"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60544665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.8607000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.6962000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.6947000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-geoengineering","display_name":"Arctic geoengineering","score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-sea-ice-decline","display_name":"Arctic sea ice decline","score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drift-ice","display_name":"Drift ice","score":0.44290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.8607000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.6962000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.6947000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155372631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787572","display_name":"Arctic geoengineering","level":5,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143510601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243069","display_name":"Arctic sea ice decline","level":5,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196735533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564","display_name":"Drift ice","level":4,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16335420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270","display_name":"Antarctic sea ice","level":4,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018378255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"The arctic","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87280874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576515","display_name":"Fast ice","level":5,"score":0.2770000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:35b570c85ccf404191d4034092a812a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/35b570c85ccf404191d4034092a812a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 19, Pp 154-164 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3632882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8404460549354553,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2728624642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42476173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4169998766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42176181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,11,77,89,119,147,207],"increasingly":[1],"significant":[2],"global":[3],"warming":[4],"has":[5],"severely":[6],"affected":[7],"the":[8,41,46,62,93,115,135,144,155,165,182,188,193,211,223,229],"Arctic":[9,47,63,145,157,224,235],"region.":[10,146,225],"melting":[12],"speed":[13],"of":[14,29,99,139,170,195,234],"sea":[15,42,102,140,151,178,196,212,219,236,249],"ice":[16,43,103,141,152,179,197,213,220,237,250],"is":[17,23,49,110],"accelerating,":[18],"and":[19,73,86,112,132,187,202,231,239,246],"its":[20],"spatial":[21,230],"coverage":[22],"gradually":[24],"shrinking,":[25],"causing":[26],"a":[27,54,83,174],"series":[28],"ecological":[30],"problems":[31],"that":[32,92,150,210],"cannot":[33],"be":[34],"ignored.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"conducting":[37],"in-depth":[38],"research":[39,245],"on":[40],"conditions":[44,221],"in":[45,101,143,154,177,181,199,222,248],"region":[48,158],"crucial.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"developed":[53,216],"Sea":[55],"Ice":[56],"Concentration":[57],"Inversion":[58],"model":[59,94,120,215],"suitable":[60],"for":[61,243],"using":[64,82],"remote":[65],"sensing":[66],"data":[67,126],"from":[68,127],"HY-1C/D":[69],"Chinese":[70],"Ocean":[71],"Color":[72],"Temperature":[74],"Scanner":[75],"(COCTS).":[76],"model's":[78],"accuracy":[79,97],"was":[80,121,204],"tested":[81],"confusion":[84],"matrix":[85],"measured":[87],"data.":[88],"results":[90,148],"indicated":[91,149],"achieved":[95],"an":[96],"rate":[98],"89%":[100],"extraction.":[104],"Its":[105],"mean":[106],"absolute":[107],"percentage":[108],"error":[109],"lower":[111],"consistent":[113],"with":[114],"other":[116],"similar":[117],"products.":[118],"applied":[122],"to":[123,129],"COCTS":[124],"image":[125],"Apr.":[128],"Sep.":[130],"2020":[131],"2021,":[133],"revealing":[134],"monthly":[136],"distribution":[137,233],"characteristics":[138],"concentration":[142,153,180,198,238],"central":[156],"consistently":[159],"remains":[160],"high,":[161],"exceeding":[162],"90%":[163],"throughout":[164],"year.":[166],"However,":[167],"further":[168],"analysis":[169],"various":[171],"subregions":[172],"revealed":[173],"declining":[175],"trend":[176],"Chukchi":[183],"Sea,":[184],"Baffin":[185],"Bay,":[186],"Laptev":[189],"Sea.":[190],"In":[191],"contrast,":[192],"fluctuation":[194],"Greenland,":[200],"Barents,":[201],"Kara":[203],"not":[205],"noticeable.":[206],"findings":[208],"show":[209],"extraction":[214],"effectively":[217],"assesses":[218],"It":[226],"successfully":[227],"demonstrates":[228],"temporal":[232],"provides":[240],"valuable":[241],"support":[242],"ongoing":[244],"development":[247],"inversion.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00"}