{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415594179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","title":"ARFHANet: Adaptive Receptive Field and Hierarchical Attention Network for Infrared Small-Target Detection","display_name":"ARFHANet: Adaptive Receptive Field and Hierarchical Attention Network for Infrared Small-Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415594179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015187300","display_name":"Xingye Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingye Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1795-9093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034227150","display_name":"Junhai Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-007X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhai Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-007X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiakun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1211-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiakun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1211-4810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042808476","display_name":"Kexuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6167-3922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiangyu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0686-677X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0686-677X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016112252","display_name":"Zhenming Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-3331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015187300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I24201400"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":11.9296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9808371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"28269","last_page":"28282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9296000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.8011000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.794700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7670999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4851999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766198","display_name":"Haar wavelet","level":5,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6ef3cf624954c26886bd3ee35ed1187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6ef3cf624954c26886bd3ee35ed1187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 28269-28282 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3625638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6443248460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,79],"target":[2,80,124],"detection":[3,25,81,180],"(ISTD)":[4],"is":[5],"critical":[6],"in":[7,20,178],"both":[8,179],"civilian":[9],"and":[10,17,47,57,73,119,126,146,158,169,182],"military":[11],"applications.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14],"limited":[15],"texture":[16],"structural":[18],"information":[19],"infrared":[21,78],"images":[22],"makes":[23],"accurate":[24],"particularly":[26,184],"challenging.":[27],"Although":[28],"recent":[29,175],"deep":[30],"learning-based":[31],"methods":[32,177],"have":[33],"improved":[34],"performance,":[35],"their":[36],"use":[37],"of":[38,60],"conventional":[39],"convolution":[40,91],"kernels":[41],"limits":[42],"adaptability":[43],"to":[44,94,122,154],"complex":[45,186],"scenes":[46],"diverse":[48],"targets.":[49],"Moreover,":[50],"pooling":[51],"operations":[52],"often":[53],"cause":[54],"feature":[55,89,135,156],"loss":[56],"insufficient":[58],"exploitation":[59],"image":[61],"information.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"these":[65],"issues,":[66],"we":[67,131],"propose":[68],"an":[69],"adaptive":[70],"receptive":[71],"field":[72,88],"hierarchical":[74],"attention":[75,151],"network":[76,84],"for":[77,139],"(ARFHANet).":[82],"This":[83],"incorporates":[85],"a":[86,105,133,147],"multi-receptive":[87],"interaction":[90],"(MRFFIConv)":[92],"module":[93,114,138,153],"adaptively":[95],"extract":[96],"discriminative":[97],"features":[98,125],"by":[99],"integrating":[100,140],"multiple":[101],"convolutional":[102],"branches":[103],"with":[104,143],"gated":[106],"unit.":[107],"A":[108],"wavelet":[109,117],"frequency":[110],"enhancement":[111,150],"downsampling":[112],"(WFED)":[113],"leverages":[115],"Haar":[116],"transform":[118],"frequency-domain":[120],"reconstruction":[121],"enhance":[123],"suppress":[127],"background":[128],"noise.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"introduce":[132],"high-low":[134],"fusion":[136],"(HLFF)":[137],"low-level":[141],"details":[142],"high-level":[144],"semantics,":[145],"global":[148,161],"median":[149],"(GMEA)":[152],"improve":[155],"diversity":[157],"expressiveness":[159],"via":[160],"attention.":[162],"Experiments":[163],"on":[164],"public":[165],"datasets":[166],"SIRST,":[167],"NUDT-SIRST,":[168],"IRSTD-1k":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"that":[172],"ARFHANet":[173],"outperforms":[174],"state-of-the-art":[176],"accuracy":[181],"robustness,":[183],"under":[185],"backgrounds.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
