{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415481101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","title":"Determination of Forest Fire Intensity Level Using Multitemporal Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"Determination of Forest Fire Intensity Level Using Multitemporal Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415481101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390006","display_name":"Juan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-723X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500144","display_name":"Gui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036332065","display_name":"Y. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6079-3434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuelin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100801477","display_name":"Yawen Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, China","Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351112","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134994","display_name":"Hangzhou Botanical Garden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nxzvp26","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Botanical Garden, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Botanical Garden, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046539687","display_name":"Shaofeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-3678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081560752","display_name":"Haizhou Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100390006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83612232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1974","last_page":"1994"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10555","display_name":"Fire effects on ecosystems","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-detection","display_name":"Fire detection","score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"Forest inventory","score":0.2815999984741211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7968999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780836893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19922674","display_name":"Fire detection","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998065072","https://openalex.org/W2005205704","https://openalex.org/W2011102610","https://openalex.org/W2021417115","https://openalex.org/W2079718315","https://openalex.org/W2100220720","https://openalex.org/W2111692049","https://openalex.org/W2115415549","https://openalex.org/W2117490925","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2143445662","https://openalex.org/W2160411367","https://openalex.org/W2176144712","https://openalex.org/W2345254164","https://openalex.org/W2540955853","https://openalex.org/W2727280906","https://openalex.org/W2757003988","https://openalex.org/W2794827293","https://openalex.org/W2897044026","https://openalex.org/W3003662786","https://openalex.org/W3005307476","https://openalex.org/W3157098829","https://openalex.org/W4206343133","https://openalex.org/W4214806776","https://openalex.org/W4283323781","https://openalex.org/W4296107202","https://openalex.org/W4381166131","https://openalex.org/W4389415949","https://openalex.org/W4391123119","https://openalex.org/W4391352498","https://openalex.org/W4399417118","https://openalex.org/W4406883693","https://openalex.org/W4408388584","https://openalex.org/W4408858305","https://openalex.org/W4410554923"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sudden":[0],"changes":[1],"in":[2,15,203],"forest":[3,16,29,43,79,166,174,185,209,214,221],"fire":[4,17,30,44,66,175,186,215,222],"behavior":[5],"are":[6,19,148,171],"the":[7,20,48,75,107,125,140,155,179,194,197,212],"primary":[8,21],"cause":[9],"of":[10,23,41,59,72,78,109,205],"casualties,":[11],"and":[12,69,99,117,154,168,211],"sudden":[13],"increases":[14],"intensity":[18,31,45,176,187,216,223],"driver":[22],"these":[24],"behavioral":[25],"changes.":[26],"Accurately":[27],"quantifying":[28,42],"can":[32],"significantly":[33],"reduce":[34],"suppression":[35],"risks":[36],"for":[37,207],"firefighters.":[38],"The":[39,90],"method":[40],"by":[46],"calculating":[47],"fireline's":[49],"energy":[50],"release":[51],"rate":[52],"per":[53],"unit":[54],"length":[55],"requires":[56],"precise":[57],"acquisition":[58],"key":[60,87],"parameters":[61,88],"such":[62],"as":[63,178],"fuel":[64],"load,":[65],"spread":[67],"rate,":[68],"calorific":[70],"value":[71],"combustion.":[73],"However,":[74],"extreme":[76],"conditions":[77],"fires":[80,147],"make":[81],"it":[82],"very":[83],"difficult":[84],"to":[85,105,133,182],"obtain":[86],"directly.":[89],"existing":[91],"indirect":[92],"methods,":[93],"empirical":[94],"interpretation,":[95],"flame":[96],"height":[97],"sensing,":[98],"satellite":[100,129],"FRP":[101],"inversion,":[102],"still":[103],"struggle":[104],"overcome":[106],"limitations":[108],"high":[110],"ground":[111],"deployment":[112],"costs,":[113],"strong":[114],"human":[115],"subjectivity,":[116],"insufficient":[118],"remote":[119,130],"sensing":[120,131],"resolution.":[121],"This":[122],"study":[123],"used":[124],"Himawari":[126],"8/9":[127],"multi-temporal":[128],"images":[132],"derive":[134],"image":[135,151],"differential":[136],"expressions":[137],"based":[138],"on":[139],"Structural":[141],"Similarity":[142],"Index":[143],"Measure":[144],"(SSIM).":[145],"Forest":[146],"identified":[149],"using":[150],"format":[152],"conversion":[153],"Single-band":[156],"Image":[157,198],"Fusion":[158],"Method":[159,201],"(SIFM).":[160],"Independent":[161],"variables,":[162],"including":[163],"duration,":[164],"burned":[165],"area,":[167],"maximum":[169],"FRP,":[170],"selected,":[172],"with":[173],"level":[177,188,217],"dependent":[180],"variable":[181],"construct":[183],"a":[184],"model.":[189],"Experimental":[190],"results":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"that":[193],"SIFM":[195],"outperforms":[196],"Format":[199],"Conversion":[200],"(IFCM)":[202],"terms":[204],"accuracy":[206],"identifying":[208],"fires,":[210],"constructed":[213],"model":[218],"effectively":[219],"determines":[220],"levels.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}