{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415366517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","title":"A Method for Intelligent Extraction of Pseudoinvariant Calibration Sites Using Earth\u2013Atmosphere Characteristic Coupling Analysis","display_name":"A Method for Intelligent Extraction of Pseudoinvariant Calibration Sites Using Earth\u2013Atmosphere Characteristic Coupling Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415366517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016324529","display_name":"Dacheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dacheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1895-1933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chenyu Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8195-0105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8195-0105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092591","display_name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft0fw96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140105","display_name":"Respect","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn4nw41","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140105"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing, China","respective institutions, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-417X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"respective institutions, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632273","display_name":"Lingling Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101105638","display_name":"Qijin Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092591","display_name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft0fw96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072925881","display_name":"Shangmin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-0192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangmin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-0192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078368343","display_name":"Qiongqiong Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092591","display_name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft0fw96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiongqiong Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034102154","display_name":"Hang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-3273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092591","display_name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft0fw96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140105","display_name":"Respect","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn4nw41","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140105"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing, China","respective institutions, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"respective institutions, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074824871","display_name":"Yishan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongguang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongguang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077584086","display_name":"Shengzhen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119327494","display_name":"Kaiqi Nan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqi Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016324529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28526082,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"524","last_page":"536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9264000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/site-selection","display_name":"Site selection","score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.3172999918460846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780561860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7531796","display_name":"Site selection","level":2,"score":0.5246999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983696493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705730","display_name":"Test site","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163752227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253365","display_name":"Radiant intensity","level":3,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3624039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1730937402","https://openalex.org/W1966690633","https://openalex.org/W1970691178","https://openalex.org/W1975359356","https://openalex.org/W1985117795","https://openalex.org/W1992978445","https://openalex.org/W1997074699","https://openalex.org/W2040072402","https://openalex.org/W2042978621","https://openalex.org/W2068582210","https://openalex.org/W2091828069","https://openalex.org/W2131050482","https://openalex.org/W2137662038","https://openalex.org/W2169003368","https://openalex.org/W2170757132","https://openalex.org/W2318346306","https://openalex.org/W2757452153","https://openalex.org/W2935730345","https://openalex.org/W2945941655","https://openalex.org/W2954811761","https://openalex.org/W3047146639","https://openalex.org/W4220839477","https://openalex.org/W4385226385","https://openalex.org/W4385372755","https://openalex.org/W4391331841","https://openalex.org/W4400296336","https://openalex.org/W4400579252"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pseudoinvariant":[0],"calibration":[1,4,23,94,272],"site":[2,95,103,159],"(PICS)":[3],"is":[5,25,162],"an":[6],"important":[7],"method":[8,47,118],"for":[9,27,158,164,270],"ensuring":[10,28],"the":[11,29,63,67,93,149,188,192,203,216,223,228],"on-orbit":[12],"radiometric":[13],"accuracy":[14],"of":[15,22,31,56,66,183,199,231,236],"Earth":[16],"observation":[17],"satellites.":[18],"The":[19,110,116,213,234],"proper":[20],"selection":[21,46,166,179],"sites":[24,61,120,194,269],"essential":[26],"quality":[30],"quantitative":[32],"remote":[33,79],"sensing":[34,80],"data":[35,81,85],"and":[36,52,82,107,133,170,227,242,258,260,273],"consistency":[37,132],"across":[38],"various":[39,168],"sensors.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42],"presents":[43],"a":[44,53,252,261],"PICS":[45,165],"based":[48,147,180],"on":[49,148,181],"object":[50],"analysis":[51],"comprehensive":[54],"evaluation":[55],"multidimensional":[57],"characteristics,":[58],"identifying":[59],"qualified":[60],"in":[62,197,222],"Golmud":[64],"region":[65],"Qaidam":[68,225],"Basin.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"Landsat":[73],"8":[74],"Operational":[75],"Land":[76],"Imager":[77],"(OLI)":[78],"related":[83],"auxiliary":[84],"from":[86,96,208],"2014-2023":[87],"are":[88,112,195,219,247],"used":[89],"to":[90,177,210],"comprehensively":[91],"evaluate":[92],"multiple":[97],"dimensions,":[98],"including":[99],"spatiotemporal":[100,134,200,205],"spectral":[101,130],"consistency,":[102],"flatness,":[104],"climatic":[105],"characteristics":[106],"trend":[108],"stability.":[109],"results":[111],"as":[113,141,156,267],"follows:":[114],"(1)":[115],"proposed":[117],"selects":[119],"with":[121,124,187,202,251],"excellent":[122],"attributes,":[123],"no":[125],"significant":[126],"correlation":[127],"observed":[128],"between":[129],"band":[131],"stability,":[135,201],"indicating":[136],"these":[137],"should":[138],"be":[139],"treated":[140],"independent":[142],"indicators.":[143],"(2)":[144],"Segmented":[145],"objects":[146],"spatial":[150,173],"neighbourhood":[151],"intensity":[152],"constraint":[153],"(SLIC)":[154],"serve":[155],"units":[157],"selection,":[160],"which":[161],"suitable":[163,266],"at":[167],"scales":[169],"effectively":[171],"prevents":[172],"fragmentation":[174],"issues":[175],"linked":[176],"pixel-scale":[178],"coefficient":[182],"variation":[184],"(CV).":[185],"Compared":[186],"sliding":[189],"window":[190],"method,":[191],"selected":[193],"better":[196],"terms":[198],"mean":[204],"CV":[206],"decreasing":[207],"1.699%":[209],"1.594%.":[211],"(3)":[212],"PICSs":[214],"meeting":[215],"characteristic":[217],"requirements":[218],"mainly":[220],"distributed":[221],"central":[224],"Basin":[226],"northwestern":[229],"area":[230],"Guolemude":[232],"town.":[233],"CVs":[235],"both":[237],"GRM<inline-formula":[238,243],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[239,244],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[240,245],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\_$</tex-math></inline-formula>1":[241],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\_$</tex-math></inline-formula>2":[246],"less":[248],"than":[249],"1.6%,":[250],"dry":[253],"climate,":[254],"low":[255],"cloud":[256],"coverage":[257],"precipitation,":[259],"uniform":[262],"surface,":[263],"making":[264],"them":[265],"supplementary":[268],"high-frequency":[271],"correction.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-21T00:00:00"}
