{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414758081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","title":"Frequency Characteristics Guided Network for Few-Shot SAR Target Recognition","display_name":"Frequency Characteristics Guided Network for Few-Shot SAR Target Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414758081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085382296","display_name":"Fei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-0812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778204","display_name":"Fengjun Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9486-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengjun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111481539","display_name":"Rongling Lang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongling Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384582","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-0148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778202","display_name":"Jinping Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7184-5057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinping Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","Beihang University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","Edinburgh Napier University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085382296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":5.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95627927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"25821","last_page":"25832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6687999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5907999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"Target acquisition","score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.45159998536109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7975000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6687999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5907999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5163999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46650001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:22278b5cdd8c41c8bf800e9a79a61387","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/22278b5cdd8c41c8bf800e9a79a61387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 25821-25832 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3617129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2239472154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2382313035","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2607569525","https://openalex.org/W2607666785","https://openalex.org/W2614504311","https://openalex.org/W2615263668","https://openalex.org/W2884022415","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2995801068","https://openalex.org/W3009081299","https://openalex.org/W3034175346","https://openalex.org/W3035163205","https://openalex.org/W3118957360","https://openalex.org/W3121583704","https://openalex.org/W3131740536","https://openalex.org/W3136341174","https://openalex.org/W3137365474","https://openalex.org/W3178756862","https://openalex.org/W3180439858","https://openalex.org/W3200421546","https://openalex.org/W3205196764","https://openalex.org/W3213042253","https://openalex.org/W4205652744","https://openalex.org/W4214666412","https://openalex.org/W4226113955","https://openalex.org/W4226220893","https://openalex.org/W4285129541","https://openalex.org/W4312718188","https://openalex.org/W4367359381","https://openalex.org/W4381886250","https://openalex.org/W4386453433","https://openalex.org/W4387789476","https://openalex.org/W4389428600","https://openalex.org/W4390872614","https://openalex.org/W4390874276","https://openalex.org/W4391004715","https://openalex.org/W4392114268","https://openalex.org/W4394625632","https://openalex.org/W4400487912","https://openalex.org/W4401536868","https://openalex.org/W4401568042","https://openalex.org/W4401879614","https://openalex.org/W4402169859","https://openalex.org/W4402828371","https://openalex.org/W4403390435","https://openalex.org/W4406522678","https://openalex.org/W4407467620","https://openalex.org/W4408183070","https://openalex.org/W4411019490","https://openalex.org/W4411245027","https://openalex.org/W4411359040","https://openalex.org/W4412721915"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"research":[1],"in":[2,39,122],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"radar":[5,40],"(SAR)":[6],"automatic":[7],"target":[8,52,166],"recognition":[9,169],"(ATR)":[10],"reveals":[11],"that":[12,112,173],"few-shot":[13],"learning":[14],"algorithms":[15],"can":[16],"attain":[17],"exceptional":[18],"classification":[19],"accuracy":[20],"through":[21,141],"training":[22,76],"paradigms":[23],"employing":[24],"several":[25],"hundred":[26],"to":[27,155],"thousands":[28],"of":[29,48,91],"sample":[30,101],"inputs.":[31],"However,":[32],"existing":[33],"methods":[34],"ignore":[35],"the":[36,46,88,92,123,137,146,149,157,162,174],"frequency":[37,61,89,143],"characteristics":[38,62,90],"images":[41],"and":[42,145,152,164,168],"only":[43],"rely":[44],"on":[45,161],"similarity":[47],"pixel":[49,150],"descriptors":[50],"for":[51,70,107],"recognition.":[53],"To":[54],"overcome":[55],"this":[56,58],"limitation,":[57],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"guided":[63],"network":[64,147],"(FCGN),":[65],"an":[66,130],"architecture":[67],"explicitly":[68],"developed":[69],"SAR":[71],"ATR":[72],"scenarios":[73],"with":[74],"limited":[75],"samples.":[77,158],"First,":[78],"we":[79,128],"propose":[80,129],"a":[81,99,104],"frequency-separated":[82],"feature":[83],"extractor":[84],"(FSFE),":[85],"which":[86],"enriches":[87],"target.":[93],"In":[94],"addition,":[95],"FCGN":[96],"further":[97],"incorporates":[98],"frequency-domain":[100,132,139,153],"expander":[102],"(FDSE),":[103],"dedicated":[105],"component":[106],"generating":[108],"spectrally":[109],"congruent":[110],"pseudo-samples":[111],"enhance":[113],"support":[114],"set":[115],"heterogeneity,":[116],"ultimately":[117],"refining":[118],"class":[119],"separation":[120],"boundaries":[121],"latent":[124],"representation":[125],"space.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"adaptive":[131],"matcher":[133],"(AFDM).":[134],"AFDM":[135],"calculates":[136],"inter-sample":[138],"consistency":[140,151,154],"selected":[142],"components,":[144],"synthesizes":[148],"discriminate":[156],"Rigorous":[159],"evaluation":[160],"moving":[163],"stationary":[165],"acquisition":[167],"(MSTAR)":[170],"dataset":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"proposed":[175],"method":[176],"surpasses":[177],"current":[178],"approaches.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
