{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413887363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","title":"Detecting Hillside Urbanization Process Through the Fusion of Nighttime Lights and Landsat Data: A Case Study of Kunming City","display_name":"Detecting Hillside Urbanization Process Through the Fusion of Nighttime Lights and Landsat Data: A Case Study of Kunming City","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413887363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738215","display_name":"Junyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-9259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031912756","display_name":"Tianyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-6553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052625929","display_name":"Xingqi Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8459677","display_name":"NOAA National Geodetic Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/02f762h70","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1316690553","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I8459677"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingqi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of MNR, Xi&#x2019;an, China","The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of MNR, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of MNR, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8459677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of MNR, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8459677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088342796","display_name":"Bo\u2010Hui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1918-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo-Hui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063022663","display_name":"Xiaohong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-5955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029344226","display_name":"Yu Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0209-4074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010595388","display_name":"Liang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6384-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128418","display_name":"Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fnv7n42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054433699","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area &amp; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics &amp; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area &amp; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics &amp; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100738215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26319635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"23416","last_page":"23430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9161999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.76017165184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7474802136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.554716169834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4915231168270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.45455774664878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.44107457995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3079270124435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2196042835712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1621837317943573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.76017165184021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7474802136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.554716169834137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4915231168270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.45455774664878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.44107457995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3079270124435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2196042835712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1621837317943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:348244bb99a84ee4aff3bc1b89443377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/348244bb99a84ee4aff3bc1b89443377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 23416-23430 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1873458742","https://openalex.org/W1975050530","https://openalex.org/W1983078406","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2140889880","https://openalex.org/W2564747588","https://openalex.org/W2589393817","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2754978208","https://openalex.org/W2793465189","https://openalex.org/W2910581664","https://openalex.org/W2996952646","https://openalex.org/W3015765316","https://openalex.org/W3088744830","https://openalex.org/W3089919509","https://openalex.org/W3109268000","https://openalex.org/W3118603451","https://openalex.org/W3130461578","https://openalex.org/W3132578272","https://openalex.org/W3168240429","https://openalex.org/W3170985760","https://openalex.org/W3185424245","https://openalex.org/W3195646694","https://openalex.org/W3196609716","https://openalex.org/W3210940126","https://openalex.org/W4200332650","https://openalex.org/W4205800118","https://openalex.org/W4206281233","https://openalex.org/W4293105213","https://openalex.org/W4296904595","https://openalex.org/W4307363636","https://openalex.org/W4312203878","https://openalex.org/W4313528450","https://openalex.org/W4366817626","https://openalex.org/W4378084597","https://openalex.org/W4386825387","https://openalex.org/W4387824683","https://openalex.org/W4394813256","https://openalex.org/W4398692011","https://openalex.org/W4400196562","https://openalex.org/W4408362928","https://openalex.org/W4408703334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392907783","https://openalex.org/W1985072978","https://openalex.org/W891751532","https://openalex.org/W2375489112","https://openalex.org/W2370838374","https://openalex.org/W2354222596","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"urbanization":[1,24,27,177,217],"has":[2,28,118],"transformed":[3],"the":[4,16,30,36,48,60,97,116,144,170,173,189,213],"spatiotemporal":[5],"transformation":[6],"of":[7,18,22,38,128,146,175,192,215],"urban":[8,33,82,87,101,106,113,136,147,193,233],"landscape":[9],"patterns":[10],"in":[11,15,51,134,150,204,240],"Kunming":[12,151],"City,":[13],"resulting":[14],"formation":[17],"a":[19,78,119],"substantial":[20],"number":[21],"hillside":[23,44,176,205,216],"landscapes.":[25],"Hillside":[26],"alleviated":[29],"conflict":[31],"between":[32,140],"development":[34,45,238],"and":[35,72,109,142,165,188,207,236],"protection":[37],"flat":[39],"land":[40,149,195],"resources.":[41],"However,":[42],"excessive":[43],"may":[46],"disrupt":[47],"ecological":[49],"balance":[50],"mountainous":[52],"areas":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"Kunming.":[56,241],"This":[57,224],"study":[58,225],"integrates":[59],"Suomi":[61],"national":[62],"polar-orbiting":[63],"partnership":[64],"visible":[65],"infrared":[66],"imaging":[67],"radiometer":[68],"suite-like":[69],"(SNPP-VIIRS-like)":[70],"data":[71],"Landsat":[73],"satellite":[74],"imagery":[75],"to":[76,85,159,181,199,228],"propose":[77],"modified":[79],"nighttime":[80,99,111],"lights":[81,100,112],"index":[83,102,107,114],"(MNUI)":[84],"extract":[86],"construction":[88,137,148,194,234],"land.":[89],"The":[90],"results":[91],"show":[92],"that:":[93],"(1)":[94],"Compared":[95],"with":[96,123],"vegetation-adjusted":[98],"(VANUI),":[103],"normalized":[104],"difference":[105],"(NDUI),":[108],"enhanced":[110],"(ENUI),":[115],"MNUI":[117],"higher":[120],"extraction":[121],"accuracy,":[122],"an":[124,184],"overall":[125],"accuracy":[126,133],"(OA)":[127],"91.8\u201393.8%,":[129],"indicating":[130],"its":[131],"superior":[132],"extracting":[135],"land;":[138],"(2)":[139],"2000":[141],"2023,":[143],"area":[145,174,214],"City":[152],"expanded":[153],"more":[154],"than":[155],"threefold,":[156],"from":[157,179,197],"149.27":[158],"484.49":[160],"km\u00b2,":[161,183],"primarily":[162],"through":[163],"edge-expansion":[164],"infilling":[166],"expansion;":[167],"(3)":[168],"over":[169],"same":[171],"period,":[172],"increased":[178],"13.18":[180],"64.39":[182],"almost":[185],"fivefold":[186],"increase,":[187],"average":[190],"slope":[191],"rose":[196],"2.64":[198],"3.03\u00b0,":[200],"reflecting":[201],"this":[202],"increase":[203],"urbanization;":[206],"(4)":[208],"it":[209],"is":[210,226],"projected":[211],"that":[212],"will":[218],"reach":[219],"72.06":[220],"km\u00b2":[221],"by":[222],"2030.":[223],"expected":[227],"provide":[229],"scientific":[230],"references":[231],"for":[232],"planning":[235],"sustainable":[237],"strategies":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
