{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413847222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","title":"Characterizing Forest Species Seasonality Using Time Series of C-Band Sentinel-1 Backscattering Coefficient: A Case Study in the Spanish Central Range","display_name":"Characterizing Forest Species Seasonality Using Time Series of C-Band Sentinel-1 Backscattering Coefficient: A Case Study in the Spanish Central Range","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413847222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075068656","display_name":"Zhiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2732-6426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119273862","display_name":"Central South University of Forestry and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czw2k81","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119273862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119273862","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001045001","display_name":"Cristina G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina G\u00f3mez","raw_affiliation_strings":["iuFOR, EiFAB, University of Valladolid, Campus de Soria, Soria, Spain","iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-0863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iuFOR, EiFAB, University of Valladolid, Campus de Soria, Soria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iuFOR, EiFAB, Campus de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068229249","display_name":"Juan M. L\u00f3pez\u2010S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-5175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Lopez-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Computer Research (IUII), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-5175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Computer Research (IUII), University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017058983","display_name":"Jianjun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-6429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029527420","display_name":"Haiqiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiqiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.5235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86045907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"23588","last_page":"23607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonality","display_name":"Seasonality","score":0.7250539660453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.579962968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.570319414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.568138062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5080423355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49895477294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.33424070477485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.32337531447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24133241176605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2399323582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2290043830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18150731921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.16088947653770447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.7250539660453796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.579962968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.570319414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.568138062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5080423355102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49895477294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.33424070477485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.32337531447410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24133241176605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2399323582649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2290043830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18150731921195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.16088947653770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5dfaf87e83e45ceb26267da14ee8781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5dfaf87e83e45ceb26267da14ee8781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 23588-23607 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3604281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7065817770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42388102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7802037157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42227801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125395284","https://openalex.org/W4282936821","https://openalex.org/W202945371","https://openalex.org/W2616486534","https://openalex.org/W2014145616","https://openalex.org/W3023070983","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"series":[1,43],"of":[2,39,53,105,198,206,213,220,244],"remote":[3,222],"sensing":[4,223],"data":[5,59,208,229],"are":[6],"essential":[7],"for":[8,119,186,190],"understanding":[9],"the":[10,37,62,82,99,193,204,211,218],"seasonal":[11,46,87,100,124,162,182,194,242],"patterns":[12,125],"and":[13,93,134,145,156,173,239],"long-term":[14],"forest":[15,51,128,237,246],"dynamics.":[16],"The":[17,86],"Sentinel-1":[18,40,57,207],"mission":[19],"offers":[20,230],"a":[21,103,138,160],"unique":[22],"opportunity":[23],"to":[24,44,65,96],"monitor":[25],"forests":[26,131,153,192],"with":[27,70,122,164],"high":[28],"spatiotemporal":[29],"resolution":[30],"using":[31],"radar":[32,228],"technology.":[33],"This":[34,201],"study":[35,202],"explored":[36],"capability":[38],"backscatter":[41,118,142,167],"time":[42,78],"portray":[45],"variations":[47,243],"in":[48,77,115,140,148,168,171,175,209,224],"different":[49,214],"Mediterranean":[50],"types":[52],"Spain.":[54],"We":[55],"used":[56],"GRD":[58],"collected":[60],"over":[61],"2017\u20132021":[63],"period":[64],"characterize":[66],"four":[67],"dominant":[68],"species":[69,234],"diverse":[71,245],"leaf":[72],"habits.":[73],"To":[74],"reduce":[75],"noise":[76],"series,":[79],"we":[80],"employed":[81],"STL":[83],"decomposition":[84],"approach.":[85],"plus":[88],"trend":[89],"components":[90],"were":[91],"retained":[92],"Savitzky-Golay":[94],"filtered":[95],"accurately":[97],"extract":[98],"signatures":[101],"from":[102],"dataset":[104],"50":[106],"samples":[107],"per":[108],"species.":[109,215],"Our":[110],"analysis":[111],"revealed":[112],"marked":[113],"seasonality":[114,212],"VH":[116,141,166,199],"polarization":[117],"all":[120],"species,":[121,188],"specific":[123],"varying":[126],"among":[127],"types.":[129,247],"Deciduous":[130],"(European":[132],"beech":[133],"Pyrenean":[135],"oak)":[136],"exhibited":[137],"decrease":[139],"during":[143],"spring":[144],"an":[146],"increase":[147],"late":[149],"autumn.":[150,176],"Conversely,":[151],"evergreen":[152,191],"(Holly":[154],"oak":[155],"Scots":[157],"pine)":[158],"displayed":[159],"distinct":[161,181],"pattern":[163,183,195],"increasing":[165],"spring,":[169],"peaking":[170],"summer,":[172],"decreasing":[174],"At":[177],"VV":[178],"polarization,":[179],"no":[180],"was":[184],"observed":[185],"deciduous":[187],"whereas":[189],"resembled":[196],"that":[197],"polarization.":[200],"highlights":[203],"potential":[205],"characterizing":[210],"By":[216],"overcoming":[217],"limitations":[219],"optical":[221],"adverse":[225],"weather":[226],"conditions,":[227],"new":[231],"insights":[232],"into":[233],"dynamics,":[235],"enhancing":[236],"monitoring,":[238],"capturing":[240],"complex":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}