{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413554798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","title":"Automatic Extraction of 3-D Ground Control Points Using Stereo SAR from China\u2019s GF3B and SVN2-01/02","display_name":"Automatic Extraction of 3-D Ground Control Points Using Stereo SAR from China\u2019s GF3B and SVN2-01/02","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413554798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050600654","display_name":"Minzheng Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-5566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minzheng Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-5566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029039359","display_name":"Zhiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-5258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110117463","display_name":"Xin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-0964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101105638","display_name":"Qijin Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092591","display_name":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft0fw96","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662673","display_name":"Xiaoyu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6976-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141685","display_name":"Nanjing Surveying and Mapping Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/042t78q04","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Siwei Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342821","display_name":"Ya Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-4860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104140413","display_name":"Yunce Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunce Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101501065","display_name":"Pengfei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-4997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3524-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3524-2137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93797876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"22029","last_page":"22046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.646865725517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.555176854133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.523609459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5059730410575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4920780062675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4636353850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4247596263885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20987725257873535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.646865725517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.555176854133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.523609459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5059730410575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4920780062675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4636353850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4247596263885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20987725257873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8fc539e944004c1e844df692b1042beb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8fc539e944004c1e844df692b1042beb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 22029-22046 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3602096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3104337258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42330112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512170546","https://openalex.org/W1950727688","https://openalex.org/W2030233108","https://openalex.org/W2050406342","https://openalex.org/W2057517948","https://openalex.org/W2087013132","https://openalex.org/W2096579040","https://openalex.org/W2104316689","https://openalex.org/W2121135965","https://openalex.org/W2144494233","https://openalex.org/W2152183234","https://openalex.org/W2160967142","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2172837274","https://openalex.org/W2537224883","https://openalex.org/W2565885182","https://openalex.org/W2568967893","https://openalex.org/W2589547048","https://openalex.org/W2624698741","https://openalex.org/W2751542580","https://openalex.org/W2782742629","https://openalex.org/W2887116847","https://openalex.org/W2892656613","https://openalex.org/W2972414683","https://openalex.org/W3034571351","https://openalex.org/W3110826239","https://openalex.org/W4246233237","https://openalex.org/W4402401318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2355001665","https://openalex.org/W2158111730","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"extraction":[1,193],"of":[2,37,44,61,72,99,163],"ground":[3],"control":[4],"points":[5],"(GCPs)":[6],"from":[7,80,167],"spaceborne":[8],"synthetic":[9],"aperture":[10],"radar":[11],"(SAR)":[12],"is":[13,128,149,177,182],"an":[14,87],"effective":[15,161],"technique":[16],"for":[17,58,91],"rapid,":[18],"contactless,":[19],"and":[20,35,65,70,94,156,171,179,206],"globally":[21],"available":[22],"georeferencing.":[23],"In":[24],"recent":[25],"years,":[26],"China":[27],"has":[28],"made":[29],"significant":[30],"progress":[31],"in":[32,190,197],"the":[33,41,56,67,96,115,185,198],"deployment":[34],"application":[36,97],"SAR":[38,62,77,101,165],"satellites.":[39,102],"However,":[40],"automatic":[42,68],"derivation":[43],"high-precision":[45],"GCPs":[46,74,203],"remains":[47],"challenging,":[48],"primarily":[49],"due":[50],"to":[51,119,134,159],"two":[52],"key":[53],"factors:":[54],"1)":[55,109],"need":[57],"high-accuracy":[59],"calibration":[60,117,181],"geometric":[63,116,180],"observations,":[64],"2)":[66,124],"detection":[69],"matching":[71,147],"candidate":[73],"(CGCPs)":[75],"across":[76],"images":[78],"acquired":[79],"different":[81],"look":[82],"angles.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"proposed":[86],"improved":[88],"algorithm":[89],"framework":[90],"GCP":[92,192],"extraction,":[93],"demonstrated":[95],"potential":[98],"China's":[100,168],"main":[104],"improvements":[105],"are":[106,112,195],"as":[107],"follows:":[108],"Beam-dependent":[110],"biases":[111],"incorporated":[113],"into":[114],"process":[118],"achieve":[120],"higher":[121],"ranging":[122],"accuracy.":[123],"A":[125],"CGCP":[126],"detector":[127],"designed":[129],"that":[130],"leverages":[131],"shape":[132],"characteristics":[133],"robustly":[135],"identify":[136],"CGCPs":[137],"without":[138],"relying":[139],"on":[140],"any":[141],"external":[142],"data.":[143],"3)":[144],"An":[145],"integrated":[146],"scheme":[148],"proposed,":[150],"which":[151],"combines":[152],"preprocessing,":[153],"feature":[154],"description,":[155],"transformation-search":[157],"strategies":[158],"enable":[160],"pairing":[162],"CGCPs.":[164],"imagery":[166],"Gaofen-3B":[169],"(GF3B)":[170],"Superview":[172],"Neo-2":[173],"(SVN2)":[174],"01/02":[175],"satellites":[176],"utilized,":[178],"performed":[183],"using":[184],"open-access":[186],"corner":[187],"reflector":[188],"array":[189],"Australia.":[191],"experiments":[194],"conducted":[196],"Suzhou":[199],"area,":[200],"with":[201],"7,477":[202],"automatically":[204],"extracted":[205],"a":[207],"root":[208],"mean":[209],"square":[210],"error":[211],"(RMSE)":[212],"better":[213],"than":[214],"1":[215],"meter.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-08-26T00:00:00"}
