{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413392596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","title":"WSMRSTD-Net: A Lightweight and Robust Deep Learning Framework for Radar-Based Range-Spread Target Detection","display_name":"WSMRSTD-Net: A Lightweight and Robust Deep Learning Framework for Radar-Based Range-Spread Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413392596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066380733","display_name":"Wangshuo Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0473-1874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wangshuo Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021408538","display_name":"Mengdao Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdao Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114209559","display_name":"Fei Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153688","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement","ror":"https://ror.org/02c8ctc21","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15089104","https://openalex.org/I4387153688"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871604","display_name":"Min Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x0027;an University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x0027;an University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080780216","display_name":"Zhixin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4303-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115596414","display_name":"Yidi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5556-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043211178","display_name":"Yuexin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-7581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066380733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27398447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"22317","last_page":"22333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9645000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6764635443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5753858089447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5178409218788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4717234969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4317416548728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.41784343123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3599380552768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1549219787120819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1335080862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11603385210037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.1044919490814209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6764635443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5753858089447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5178409218788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4717234969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4317416548728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.41784343123435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3599380552768707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1549219787120819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1335080862045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11603385210037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.1044919490814209}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:51818e45e4eb4539b13bce395e4734ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/51818e45e4eb4539b13bce395e4734ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 22317-22333 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3601655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3122155435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G561856603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6155526606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1978924676","https://openalex.org/W2051323180","https://openalex.org/W2122351856","https://openalex.org/W2148411278","https://openalex.org/W2247554322","https://openalex.org/W2911034023","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W3022730541","https://openalex.org/W3096091382","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3126873108","https://openalex.org/W3151637590","https://openalex.org/W3165038668","https://openalex.org/W3191725329","https://openalex.org/W4200249829","https://openalex.org/W4285133126","https://openalex.org/W4319338601","https://openalex.org/W4321484009","https://openalex.org/W4367183701","https://openalex.org/W4367663291","https://openalex.org/W4384068892","https://openalex.org/W4388279483","https://openalex.org/W4389104732","https://openalex.org/W4392251882","https://openalex.org/W4393639889","https://openalex.org/W4396667509","https://openalex.org/W4396746855","https://openalex.org/W4401247242","https://openalex.org/W4401907592","https://openalex.org/W4402673223","https://openalex.org/W4403390435","https://openalex.org/W4404133073","https://openalex.org/W4405521178","https://openalex.org/W4408280972","https://openalex.org/W4408520852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W2742737769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"multiple":[1,48,158],"range-spread":[2,49,159],"target":[3,16,50,121,161],"(MRST)":[4],"detection,":[5],"conventional":[6,214],"threshold-based":[7],"methods":[8],"suffer":[9],"from":[10,37],"weak":[11],"environmental":[12],"adaptability":[13],"and":[14,63,100,105,119,189,199],"inadequate":[15],"modeling":[17],"capability,":[18],"often":[19],"causing":[20],"false":[21],"alarms.":[22],"In":[23],"contrast,":[24],"image-based":[25,215],"neural":[26,216],"networks":[27],"exhibit":[28],"high":[29],"computational":[30,211],"complexity.":[31],"To":[32],"accurately":[33],"detect":[34],"the":[35,56,64,67,81,89,97,106,115,130,150,166,169,179,183,192,200],"MRST":[36,141,197],"one-dimensional":[38,82,90,98,107,157],"wideband":[39,46,83,91],"(1DW)":[40],"signals,":[41],"this":[42],"article":[43],"presents":[44],"a":[45,59,156],"signal":[47,84,92],"detection":[51,61,71,142],"network":[52,62],"(WSMRSTD-Net).":[53],"We":[54],"apply":[55],"concept":[57],"of":[58,69,80,132,168,187],"single-stage":[60],"morphology":[65],"to":[66,117,129,164,176],"task":[68],"multi-target":[70],"in":[72,210],"1DW":[73],"signals.":[74],"The":[75,110],"proposed":[76,111,170,180],"architecture":[77],"is":[78],"composed":[79],"feature":[85],"extraction":[86],"module":[87],"(WSFE-1D),":[88],"lightweight":[93],"decoupling":[94],"head":[95],"(WSLDH-1D),":[96],"dilation":[99],"erosion":[101],"convolution":[102],"layer":[103],"(DECL-1D),":[104],"loss":[108],"function.":[109],"scheme":[112],"can":[113],"enhance":[114],"ability":[116],"extract":[118],"express":[120],"structural":[122],"information":[123],"under":[124],"low":[125,193],"SNR":[126,194],"conditions.":[127],"Due":[128],"lack":[131],"publicly":[133],"available":[134],"experimental":[135],"datasets,":[136],"we":[137,154],"first":[138],"constructed":[139],"an":[140],"dataset":[143,163,198],"through":[144],"electromagnetic":[145],"simulation.":[146],"Additionally,":[147,205],"based":[148],"on":[149,172,191],"FAIRCSAR-V1.0":[151],"public":[152],"dataset,":[153,203],"built":[155],"ship":[160],"(MRSST-1D)":[162],"validate":[165],"performance":[167],"method":[171,181],"measured":[173,202],"data.":[174],"Compared":[175],"other":[177],"methods,":[178],"achieves":[182],"highest":[184],"F1-":[185],"scores":[186],"0.8924":[188],"0.9340":[190],"(signal-to-noise":[195],"ratio)":[196],"MRSST-1D":[201],"respectively.":[204],"it":[206],"demonstrates":[207],"significant":[208],"advantages":[209],"efficiency":[212],"over":[213],"networks.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
