{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412939798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","title":"SFONet: A Novel Joint Spatial-Frequency Domain Algorithm for Multiclass Ship Oriented Detection in SAR Images","display_name":"SFONet: A Novel Joint Spatial-Frequency Domain Algorithm for Multiclass Ship Oriented Detection in SAR Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412939798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haosheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2375-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160974","display_name":"Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050777m95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haosheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2375-4777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087528407","display_name":"Weidi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-375X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160974","display_name":"Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050777m95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-375X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403251","display_name":"Lin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-3742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160974","display_name":"Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050777m95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8349-1578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160974","display_name":"Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050777m95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8349-1578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100983689","display_name":"Yu Hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160974","display_name":"Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050777m95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Perception and Processing, the 54th Research Institute of CETC, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160974"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":9.1586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97217668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"20262","last_page":"20278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9368000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7293643355369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6010606288909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5054960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.49530330300331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49505940079689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.46191999316215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.46165168285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43703895807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40384554862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3265777826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11686939001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09378525614738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07500091195106506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7293643355369568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6010606288909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5054960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.49530330300331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49505940079689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.46191999316215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.46165168285369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43703895807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40384554862976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3265777826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11686939001083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09378525614738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07500091195106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7f9f1628ecb4459a125c13093002c40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7f9f1628ecb4459a125c13093002c40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 20262-20278 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3595436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1968632379","https://openalex.org/W1971258941","https://openalex.org/W1992310177","https://openalex.org/W2089588733","https://openalex.org/W2120066054","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2158347164","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2774244034","https://openalex.org/W2799646862","https://openalex.org/W2949058942","https://openalex.org/W2950516690","https://openalex.org/W2961699889","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3038948729","https://openalex.org/W3109055651","https://openalex.org/W3119027652","https://openalex.org/W3136239039","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3174873843","https://openalex.org/W3176659256","https://openalex.org/W3208019692","https://openalex.org/W4200381407","https://openalex.org/W4200434711","https://openalex.org/W4205565949","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4214666412","https://openalex.org/W4285095071","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4290715466","https://openalex.org/W4297549407","https://openalex.org/W4313886592","https://openalex.org/W4366147537","https://openalex.org/W4382677398","https://openalex.org/W4390660421","https://openalex.org/W4390873988","https://openalex.org/W4391956297","https://openalex.org/W4393185243","https://openalex.org/W4395676339","https://openalex.org/W4396698889","https://openalex.org/W4400233105","https://openalex.org/W4400859202","https://openalex.org/W4401991137","https://openalex.org/W4402497193","https://openalex.org/W4402727805","https://openalex.org/W4404090460","https://openalex.org/W4405717980","https://openalex.org/W4405845111","https://openalex.org/W4409426948","https://openalex.org/W4411353423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996130883","https://openalex.org/W2748574964","https://openalex.org/W2888483922","https://openalex.org/W2355001665","https://openalex.org/W4396737233","https://openalex.org/W2158111730","https://openalex.org/W2367747139","https://openalex.org/W2538381311","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W4391102217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"Aperture":[1],"Radar":[2],"imagery":[3],"has":[4],"shown":[5],"a":[6,17,28,52,130,140],"significant":[7],"potential":[8],"especially":[9],"in":[10,24,172],"maritime":[11],"surveillance,":[12],"making":[13],"SAR-based":[14],"object":[15,114],"detection":[16,179,193],"prominent":[18],"research":[19],"area.":[20],"However,":[21],"detecting":[22],"ships":[23,177],"SAR":[25],"images":[26],"remains":[27],"challenge":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,69,129],"its":[32],"complex":[33,105],"background":[34,106],"interference,":[35],"densely":[36],"arranged":[37],"ship":[38],"formations,":[39],"and":[40,71,74,84,95,108,145,161,175,194],"diverse":[41],"target":[42,135],"types.":[43],"Faced":[44],"with":[45,80],"these":[46],"problems,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"SFONet,":[51],"joint":[53],"spatial-frequency":[54],"domain":[55,76],"algorithm":[56],"for":[57,112,134,188],"multi-class":[58],"ship-oriented":[59],"detection.":[60,115],"A":[61],"novel":[62],"spatialfrequency":[63],"attention":[64],"module":[65],"(SF)":[66],"is":[67,92,127],"introduced":[68],"capture":[70],"integrate":[72],"spatial":[73],"frequency":[75],"features":[77],"effectively.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"the":[81,89,102,119,122,138,150,167,185,190],"branch":[82],"processing":[83],"convolutional":[85],"residual":[86],"enhancement":[87],"operations,":[88],"extracted":[90],"information":[91],"refined":[93],"deeply":[94],"fused":[96],"appropriately.":[97],"Consequently,":[98],"it":[99],"can":[100],"mitigate":[101],"impact":[103],"of":[104,118,170,192],"interference":[107],"preserve":[109],"critical":[110],"details":[111],"accurate":[113],"In":[116,137],"case":[117],"angle":[120],"prediction,":[121],"traditional":[123],"oriented":[124,178],"bounding":[125,132],"box":[126,133],"mapped":[128],"Gaussian":[131],"encoding.":[136],"meanwhile,":[139],"strategy":[141],"combining":[142],"probabilistic":[143],"intersection-over-union":[144],"distribution":[146],"focal":[147],"loss":[148],"enhances":[149],"prediction":[151],"accuracy":[152,191],"significantly.":[153],"Extensive":[154],"experiments":[155],"based":[156],"on":[157],"SSDD+,":[158],"HRSID,":[159],"RSDD,":[160],"SRSDD":[162],"datasets":[163],"are":[164],"provided,":[165],"demonstrating":[166],"superior":[168],"performance":[169],"SFONet":[171],"both":[173],"single-class":[174],"multiclass":[176],"tasks.":[180],"Ablation":[181],"studies":[182],"further":[183],"validate":[184],"key":[186],"components":[187],"improving":[189],"classification.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
