{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411336883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","title":"SAR-ASGOUT: Adversarial Speckle Generation and Offline Unpaired Training for Unsupervised SAR Despeckling","display_name":"SAR-ASGOUT: Adversarial Speckle Generation and Offline Unpaired Training for Unsupervised SAR Despeckling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411336883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-5547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1266-5547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027083552","display_name":"Yanxia Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-9234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxia Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-9234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067180512","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-5054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-5054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guangliang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangliang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-8848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004458037","display_name":"Yulei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-8443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-8443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16789107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"23171","last_page":"23188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7530902028083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7519197463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.7320992946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6521762609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6062846779823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.5323035717010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5076473951339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4639688730239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.453349769115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4131971001625061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7530902028083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7519197463989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.7320992946624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6521762609481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6062846779823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.5323035717010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5076473951339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4639688730239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.453349769115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4131971001625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/b202666f-269f-432e-bd76-42cddd3a397e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/b202666f-269f-432e-bd76-42cddd3a397e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wang, X, Wu, Y, Yuan, Y, Cheng, G & Wu, Y 2025, 'SAR-ASGOUT : Adversarial Speckle Generation and Offline Unpaired Training for Unsupervised SAR Despeckling', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 18, pp. 23171-23188. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3579873","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:edf22a419e6847a1a92e5f23c4ade697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/edf22a419e6847a1a92e5f23c4ade697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 23171-23188 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/b202666f-269f-432e-bd76-42cddd3a397e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/b202666f-269f-432e-bd76-42cddd3a397e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang, X, Wu, Y, Yuan, Y, Cheng, G & Wu, Y 2025, 'SAR-ASGOUT : Adversarial Speckle Generation and Offline Unpaired Training for Unsupervised SAR Despeckling', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 18, pp. 23171-23188. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3579873","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3579873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3875014413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2023LZH012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791560514","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1912194039","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2013313020","https://openalex.org/W2049909233","https://openalex.org/W2055388682","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2104763670","https://openalex.org/W2106245346","https://openalex.org/W2135065661","https://openalex.org/W2144851790","https://openalex.org/W2551517285","https://openalex.org/W2604403460","https://openalex.org/W2789760186","https://openalex.org/W2789766190","https://openalex.org/W2795114148","https://openalex.org/W2798278116","https://openalex.org/W2902857081","https://openalex.org/W2910184477","https://openalex.org/W2963583038","https://openalex.org/W2973467165","https://openalex.org/W2994512389","https://openalex.org/W2999278172","https://openalex.org/W3035042749","https://openalex.org/W3037578234","https://openalex.org/W3037945510","https://openalex.org/W3041734050","https://openalex.org/W3080427797","https://openalex.org/W3097262261","https://openalex.org/W3112976132","https://openalex.org/W3113807972","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W3122026349","https://openalex.org/W3124562677","https://openalex.org/W3127275778","https://openalex.org/W3132437634","https://openalex.org/W3136138438","https://openalex.org/W3157976884","https://openalex.org/W3180514382","https://openalex.org/W3186988237","https://openalex.org/W3198480665","https://openalex.org/W4280612239","https://openalex.org/W4282935701","https://openalex.org/W4308587699","https://openalex.org/W4312575110","https://openalex.org/W4313525660","https://openalex.org/W4319993289","https://openalex.org/W4367665802","https://openalex.org/W4386702691","https://openalex.org/W4387922352","https://openalex.org/W4390872913","https://openalex.org/W4396230711","https://openalex.org/W4402982095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719","https://openalex.org/W2016481886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,176],"presence":[1],"of":[2,13,40,43,58,90,168,187,194,214],"inherent":[3],"speckle":[4,84,105,129,135,153,159,170,203],"noise":[5,85,136],"poses":[6],"considerable":[7],"challenges":[8],"to":[9,55,71,163],"the":[10,41,56,82,88,140,165,169,188,192,212],"intelligent":[11],"application":[12],"synthetic":[14],"aperture":[15],"radar":[16],"(SAR)":[17],"images.":[18],"Existing":[19],"deep":[20],"learning-based":[21],"despeckling":[22,113,123,189,228],"methods":[23,35,50,68,226],"have":[24,69],"evolved":[25],"into":[26],"two":[27,119],"primary":[28],"categories:":[29],"supervised":[30,196],"and":[31,87,107,127,150,171,197],"unsupervised":[32,49,67,100,198],"approaches.":[33],"Supervised":[34],"are":[36],"often":[37],"impractical":[38],"because":[39],"lack":[42,57],"clean":[44],"reference":[45,124],"SAR":[46,112,239,246],"images,":[47,240],"while":[48,230],"frequently":[51],"underperform,":[52],"largely":[53],"due":[54],"effective":[59],"prior":[60],"information":[61],"constraints.":[62],"Recent":[63],"advancements":[64],"in":[65,81,181,227,233,237],"unpaired":[66,109,177,207],"attempted":[70],"mitigate":[72],"these":[73,95],"issues,":[74],"yet":[75],"they":[76],"still":[77],"grapple":[78],"with":[79,157,205],"variability":[80],"generated":[83],"quality":[86],"complexity":[89],"model":[91],"tuning.":[92],"To":[93],"overcome":[94],"limitations,":[96],"we":[97,146],"propose":[98],"an":[99],"method":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103],"adversarial":[104,128,202],"generation":[106,204],"offline":[108,185,206],"training":[110,186],"for":[111,245],"(named":[114],"SAR-ASGOUT).":[115],"Our":[116],"approach":[117],"introduces":[118],"key":[120],"innovations:":[121],"preliminary":[122],"filtering":[125],"(PDRF)":[126],"distribution":[130],"generating":[131],"(ASDG),":[132],"which":[133],"generate":[134],"that":[137,221],"accurately":[138],"reflects":[139],"true":[141],"statistical":[142,149,166],"properties.":[143],"In":[144],"addition,":[145],"develop":[147],"a":[148,158,242],"spatial":[151,174],"consistency":[152],"database":[154],"(SSC-SD),":[155],"enhanced":[156],"preprocessing":[160],"module":[161],"designed":[162],"fine-tune":[164],"attributes":[167],"preserve":[172],"its":[173],"correlations.":[175],"speckled-clean":[178],"image":[179,247],"pairs":[180],"SSC-SD":[182],"facilitate":[183],"stable":[184],"network,":[190],"leveraging":[191],"strengths":[193],"both":[195],"methodologies.":[199],"By":[200],"integrating":[201],"training,":[208],"SAR-ASGOUT":[209,222],"effectively":[210],"overcomes":[211],"limitations":[213],"existing":[215],"methods.":[216],"Extensive":[217],"experimental":[218],"evaluations":[219],"demonstrate":[220],"surpasses":[223],"current":[224],"state-of-the-art":[225],"performance":[229],"also":[231],"excelling":[232],"preserving":[234],"fine":[235],"details":[236],"real":[238],"offering":[241],"robust":[243],"solution":[244],"enhancement.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}