{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410086650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","title":"A Novel High-Resolution Fully Polarization Nonparametric Spectrum Estimation Method for Forest SAR Tomography","display_name":"A Novel High-Resolution Fully Polarization Nonparametric Spectrum Estimation Method for Forest SAR Tomography","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410086650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043975146","display_name":"Youjun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-2477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youjun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025878407","display_name":"Xing Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082102192","display_name":"Qinghua Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghua Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021276157","display_name":"Yanan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389657","display_name":"Bing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2093-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026752182","display_name":"Xiaomin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-4978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025180950","display_name":"Weijing Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Haikou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan Provincial Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre, Haikou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109960961","display_name":"Xinwu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043975146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12690265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"12882","last_page":"12896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.619143009185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5749994516372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.5611490607261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.56035977602005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.47740307450294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.47320908308029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4444507956504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.41297444701194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4086182713508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3735954761505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2949381470680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2331087589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.170373797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.16980129480361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1567823886871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14217686653137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12780901789665222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.619143009185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5749994516372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.5611490607261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.56035977602005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.47740307450294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.47320908308029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.4444507956504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.41297444701194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4086182713508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3735954761505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2949381470680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2331087589263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.170373797416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.16980129480361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1567823886871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14217686653137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12780901789665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7fed70f72a74df8b20c61142d4d47fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7fed70f72a74df8b20c61142d4d47fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 12882-12896 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3565717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G367910068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4121261463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42276252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7396238329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538058927","https://openalex.org/W1952064446","https://openalex.org/W1966218518","https://openalex.org/W1976597432","https://openalex.org/W1995071889","https://openalex.org/W2022582249","https://openalex.org/W2048289234","https://openalex.org/W2079886161","https://openalex.org/W2082456873","https://openalex.org/W2085046514","https://openalex.org/W2109264274","https://openalex.org/W2118005898","https://openalex.org/W2125596771","https://openalex.org/W2126582956","https://openalex.org/W2130271927","https://openalex.org/W2136855629","https://openalex.org/W2144971460","https://openalex.org/W2146328153","https://openalex.org/W2161624950","https://openalex.org/W2167811736","https://openalex.org/W2288847942","https://openalex.org/W2759351035","https://openalex.org/W2793481186","https://openalex.org/W2804003656","https://openalex.org/W2815612330","https://openalex.org/W2891158477","https://openalex.org/W2936032092","https://openalex.org/W2941860729","https://openalex.org/W2946697985","https://openalex.org/W2972674784","https://openalex.org/W2998858673","https://openalex.org/W3113232495","https://openalex.org/W3122229858","https://openalex.org/W3124055002","https://openalex.org/W3186454870","https://openalex.org/W4296914890","https://openalex.org/W4311808647","https://openalex.org/W4317837919","https://openalex.org/W4353031191","https://openalex.org/W4366188876","https://openalex.org/W4375929013","https://openalex.org/W4388192713","https://openalex.org/W6621974734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996630340","https://openalex.org/W2540450177","https://openalex.org/W2170580735","https://openalex.org/W1552305638","https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W2613451563","https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2547107543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,219],"polarimetric":[1,44,53,119,131],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4],"tomography":[5],"(Pol-TomoSAR)":[6],"technique":[7,19],"has":[8,226],"proven":[9],"to":[10,78,97,101,184],"be":[11],"a":[12,116],"highly":[13],"promising":[14],"cutting-edge":[15],"microwave":[16],"remote":[17],"sensing":[18],"for":[20],"obtaining":[21],"forest":[22,233],"vertical":[23],"structure":[24],"parameters":[25,237],"because":[26],"of":[27,51,60,65,134],"its":[28,142],"ability":[29],"in":[30,145,165,198,216,232],"three-dimensional":[31],"imaging.":[32],"For":[33],"distributed":[34],"scatterers":[35],"like":[36],"forests,":[37],"tomograms":[38],"are":[39,71,95],"generally":[40],"estimated":[41,139],"from":[42,90],"the":[43,48,52,58,66,130,135,146,150,155,159,175,186,195,223],"covariance":[45,54,68,132,177],"matrix.":[46],"And":[47],"estimation":[49,69,81,104,122],"accuracy":[50,59,206],"matrix":[55,133,178],"directly":[56],"determines":[57],"parameter":[61,106],"inversion.":[62],"However,":[63],"most":[64,84],"current":[67,85],"methods":[70,231],"relatively":[72],"simple,":[73],"and":[74,94,105,154,190,205,236],"it":[75],"is":[76,138,168,179],"difficult":[77],"ensure":[79],"their":[80],"accuracy.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"tomographic":[86,234],"focusing":[87,235],"estimators":[88],"suffer":[89],"low":[91,125],"elevation":[92],"resolution":[93],"vulnerable":[96],"sidelobe":[98],"interference,":[99],"leading":[100],"inadequate":[102],"spectral":[103],"extraction":[107],"performance.":[108],"Based":[109],"on":[110,149],"this,":[111],"this":[112,128,199],"paper":[113],"first":[114],"proposes":[115],"high-resolution":[117],"fully":[118,211],"nonparametric":[120],"spectrum":[121],"algorithm":[123],"with":[124,162],"sidelobes.":[126],"In":[127],"method,":[129,153],"target":[136],"pixel":[137,161],"by":[140,158,181],"searching":[141],"homogeneous":[143],"pixels":[144],"neighborhood":[147,160],"based":[148],"non-local":[151],"means":[152],"interference":[156],"caused":[157],"great":[163],"difference":[164],"statistical":[166],"characteristics":[167],"eliminated":[169],"as":[170,172],"far":[171],"possible.":[173],"Then,":[174],"obtained":[176],"reconstructed":[180],"eigenvalue":[182],"decomposition":[183],"enhance":[185],"real":[187],"reflected":[188],"signal,":[189],"reduce":[191],"sidelobe.":[192],"To":[193],"validate":[194],"proposed":[196],"method":[197,225],"paper,":[200],"we":[201],"perform":[202],"experimental":[203],"verification":[204],"evaluation":[207],"using":[208],"TropiSAR":[209],"2009":[210],"polarized":[212],"airborne":[213],"data":[214],"collected":[215],"French":[217],"Guiana.":[218],"results":[220],"demonstrate":[221],"that":[222],"new":[224],"more":[227],"advantages":[228],"than":[229],"other":[230],"estimation.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}