{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409883192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","title":"A Multiscale Vision Transformer-Based Multimodal GeoAI Model for Mapping Arctic Permafrost Thaw","display_name":"A Multiscale Vision Transformer-Based Multimodal GeoAI Model for Mapping Arctic Permafrost Thaw","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409883192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338179","display_name":"Wenwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047929591","display_name":"Chia-Yu Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-1213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Yu Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-1213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033689587","display_name":"Sizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-2435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090407440","display_name":"Zhining Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-7235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhining Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7050-7235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001248065","display_name":"Yili Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313003366","display_name":"Woodwell Climate Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvvej54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yili Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-3899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001963692","display_name":"Brendan M. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-8466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313003366","display_name":"Woodwell Climate Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvvej54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan M. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-8466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056688222","display_name":"Anna Liljedahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-6443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313003366","display_name":"Woodwell Climate Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvvej54","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Liljedahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-6443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313003366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.6666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92379327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"12209","last_page":"12223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost","display_name":"Permafrost","score":0.7743874788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.599349319934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5098711252212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5091273188591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44985708594322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.413626104593277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3303266763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30912962555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2259107530117035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.18313652276992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16146931052207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10471349954605103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.7743874788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.599349319934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5098711252212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5091273188591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44985708594322205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.413626104593277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3303266763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30912962555885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2259107530117035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.18313652276992798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16146931052207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10471349954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b0562e797554140b40624143a067967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b0562e797554140b40624143a067967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 12209-12223 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3564310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1170860268","display_name":"MCA: Career Advancement in Polar Cyberinfrastructure: Permafrost Feature Mapping and Change Detection using Geospatial Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing","funder_award_id":"2120943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4782548247","display_name":"Collaborative Research: CyberTraining: Implementation: Medium: Cyber2A: CyberTraining on AI-driven Analytics for Next Generation Arctic Scientists","funder_award_id":"2230034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6667602342","display_name":"Collaborative Research: CyberTraining: Implementation: Medium: Cyber2A: CyberTraining on AI-driven Analytics for Next Generation Arctic Scientists","funder_award_id":"2230035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1997288102","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2749539679","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2916052001","https://openalex.org/W2944901438","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2989676862","https://openalex.org/W2990446629","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3026104448","https://openalex.org/W3035356612","https://openalex.org/W3037702162","https://openalex.org/W3091791645","https://openalex.org/W3121100648","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3168463823","https://openalex.org/W3172599549","https://openalex.org/W3185118158","https://openalex.org/W3202370220","https://openalex.org/W3209987414","https://openalex.org/W3210959000","https://openalex.org/W4214614183","https://openalex.org/W4282579090","https://openalex.org/W4283527791","https://openalex.org/W4285043263","https://openalex.org/W4287833264","https://openalex.org/W4292869381","https://openalex.org/W4294415019","https://openalex.org/W4308986509","https://openalex.org/W4309293737","https://openalex.org/W4312769131","https://openalex.org/W4320005576","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4381598461","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4396600063","https://openalex.org/W4400062116","https://openalex.org/W4402695703","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6739622702","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6774268083","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6787746384","https://openalex.org/W6790830454","https://openalex.org/W6795475546","https://openalex.org/W6858005800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982366144","https://openalex.org/W1824336683","https://openalex.org/W2900526884","https://openalex.org/W1975043628","https://openalex.org/W2349454828","https://openalex.org/W4252886933","https://openalex.org/W2941001766","https://openalex.org/W4297535931","https://openalex.org/W2139939267","https://openalex.org/W1974511032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retrogressive":[0],"Thaw":[1],"Slumps":[2],"(RTS)":[3],"in":[4,68],"Arctic":[5,67],"regions":[6],"are":[7],"distinct":[8],"permafrost":[9,29,179],"landforms":[10,180],"with":[11],"significant":[12,46],"environmental":[13,183],"impacts.":[14],"Mapping":[15],"these":[16],"RTS":[17,63,170],"is":[18],"crucial":[19],"because":[20],"their":[21,32,182],"appearance":[22],"serves":[23],"as":[24],"a":[25,56,69,88],"clear":[26],"indication":[27],"of":[28,166,178],"thaw.":[30],"However,":[31],"small":[33],"scale":[34],"compared":[35],"to":[36,61,77,103,112,129,175],"other":[37],"landform":[38],"features,":[39],"vague":[40],"boundaries,":[41],"and":[42,81,107,116,154,181],"spatiotemporal":[43],"variation":[44],"pose":[45],"challenges":[47],"for":[48,169],"accurate":[49],"detection.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54],"extend":[55],"state-of-the-art":[57],"deep":[58],"learning":[59,80,124],"model":[60,137],"delineate":[62],"features":[64],"across":[65],"the":[66,83,109,119,163],"multimodal":[70,79,127,167],"setting.":[71],"Two":[72],"new":[73],"strategies":[74],"were":[75],"introduced":[76],"optimize":[78],"enhance":[82],"model's":[84,110],"predictive":[85],"performance:":[86],"(1)":[87],"feature-level,":[89],"residual":[90],"cross-modality":[91],"attention":[92,156],"fusion":[93,157],"strategy,":[94],"which":[95],"effectively":[96],"integrates":[97],"feature":[98],"maps":[99],"from":[100],"multiple":[101],"modalities":[102],"capture":[104],"complementary":[105],"information":[106],"improve":[108],"ability":[111],"understand":[113],"complex":[114],"patterns":[115],"relationships":[117],"within":[118],"data;":[120],"(2)":[121],"pre-trained":[122],"unimodal":[123],"followed":[125],"by":[126],"fine-tuning":[128],"alleviate":[130],"high":[131],"computing":[132],"demand":[133],"while":[134],"achieving":[135],"strong":[136],"performance.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"results":[140],"demonstrated":[141],"that":[142],"our":[143,176],"approach":[144],"outperformed":[145],"existing":[146],"models":[147],"adopting":[148],"data-level":[149],"fusion,":[150,153],"feature-level":[151],"convolutional":[152],"various":[155],"strategies,":[158],"providing":[159],"valuable":[160],"insights":[161],"into":[162],"efficient":[164],"utilization":[165],"data":[168],"mapping.":[171],"This":[172],"research":[173],"contributes":[174],"understanding":[177],"implications.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
