{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409474247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","title":"Efficient Urban Tree Species Classification via Multirepresentation Fusion of Mobile Laser Scanning Data","display_name":"Efficient Urban Tree Species Classification via Multirepresentation Fusion of Mobile Laser Scanning Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409474247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113409484","display_name":"Yinchi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6813-3120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinchi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6813-3120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0304-1009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0304-1009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3577-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3577-7699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112373496","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357399","display_name":"Lijie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108160477","display_name":"Hebei Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/009fw8j44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-9288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108160477"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.0989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74418409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"11451","last_page":"11468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9226999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6873764991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.551735520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5407130718231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5019209384918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4844243824481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4655614197254181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.450692743062973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4405035972595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36930954456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35726198554039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.24333027005195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15741530060768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14276278018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13713482022285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08765682578086853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873764991760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.551735520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5407130718231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5019209384918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4844243824481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4655614197254181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.450692743062973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4405035972595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36930954456329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35726198554039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.24333027005195618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15741530060768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14276278018951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13713482022285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08765682578086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5c87c905f981470bb663b07a96f447fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5c87c905f981470bb663b07a96f447fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 11451-11468 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3560714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G687880273","display_name":"\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u53d7\u9650\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u96c6\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002827932","https://openalex.org/W2062457225","https://openalex.org/W2068182092","https://openalex.org/W2174904160","https://openalex.org/W2192067621","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2322716129","https://openalex.org/W2574542620","https://openalex.org/W2905272991","https://openalex.org/W2948603442","https://openalex.org/W2963120444","https://openalex.org/W2963231572","https://openalex.org/W2963509914","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2979849666","https://openalex.org/W2985088149","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W3003437478","https://openalex.org/W3048194731","https://openalex.org/W3048935263","https://openalex.org/W3080687713","https://openalex.org/W3086923754","https://openalex.org/W3111535274","https://openalex.org/W3121749275","https://openalex.org/W3128323654","https://openalex.org/W3131074333","https://openalex.org/W3133648073","https://openalex.org/W3134961367","https://openalex.org/W3136555145","https://openalex.org/W3143836099","https://openalex.org/W3174510152","https://openalex.org/W3217350158","https://openalex.org/W4206697475","https://openalex.org/W4220689948","https://openalex.org/W4224210375","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4283829529","https://openalex.org/W4285097485","https://openalex.org/W4285133154","https://openalex.org/W4285606542","https://openalex.org/W4292451802","https://openalex.org/W4292651721","https://openalex.org/W4296351374","https://openalex.org/W4308970207","https://openalex.org/W4312334100","https://openalex.org/W4312894406","https://openalex.org/W4312903973","https://openalex.org/W4313418234","https://openalex.org/W4313898799","https://openalex.org/W4315781494","https://openalex.org/W4319288694","https://openalex.org/W4319459112","https://openalex.org/W4321498495","https://openalex.org/W4323314419","https://openalex.org/W4361010807","https://openalex.org/W4364322021","https://openalex.org/W4366266281","https://openalex.org/W4372283849","https://openalex.org/W4382709566","https://openalex.org/W4383820150","https://openalex.org/W4386066101","https://openalex.org/W4386071563","https://openalex.org/W4386076097","https://openalex.org/W4386076226","https://openalex.org/W4386083131","https://openalex.org/W4387682167","https://openalex.org/W4388336581","https://openalex.org/W4388430316","https://openalex.org/W4388756976","https://openalex.org/W4390439895","https://openalex.org/W4390871794","https://openalex.org/W4390872375","https://openalex.org/W4390956179","https://openalex.org/W4392169009","https://openalex.org/W4392450285","https://openalex.org/W4392693642","https://openalex.org/W4392902698","https://openalex.org/W4396214335","https://openalex.org/W4396903763","https://openalex.org/W4399666337","https://openalex.org/W4400609229","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W4401054773","https://openalex.org/W4402415676","https://openalex.org/W4402667891","https://openalex.org/W4402702974","https://openalex.org/W4403778769","https://openalex.org/W4403809023","https://openalex.org/W4403841936","https://openalex.org/W4404091791","https://openalex.org/W4404821732","https://openalex.org/W4407027385","https://openalex.org/W4407058238","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6810249204","https://openalex.org/W6839294089","https://openalex.org/W6839446344","https://openalex.org/W6861742303","https://openalex.org/W6868857381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2368590588","https://openalex.org/W4313058440","https://openalex.org/W1868959281","https://openalex.org/W2099421762","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039","https://openalex.org/W2373002456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urban":[0],"tree":[1,75,155,204],"species":[2,76,156],"identification":[3],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,19,73,201],"forest":[7],"management":[8],"and":[9,49,159,168,195],"ecosystem":[10],"assessment.":[11],"Mobile":[12],"Laser":[13],"Scanning":[14],"(MLS)":[15],"provides":[16],"significant":[17,181],"advantages":[18],"this":[20],"task":[21],"through":[22],"its":[23],"flexibility":[24],"in":[25,140],"navigating":[26],"complex":[27],"urban":[28,47,154,203],"environments":[29],"with":[30,70,121,172],"spatial":[31],"constraints.":[32],"However,":[33],"MLS-based":[34],"classification":[35,193],"faces":[36],"challenges":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"intricate":[40],"canopy":[41],"structures,":[42],"incomplete":[43],"point":[44,67,88,141],"clouds":[45],"from":[46],"occlusions,":[48],"intra-species":[50],"variations.":[51],"This":[52,124],"study":[53],"presents":[54],"Tree":[55],"Morphology":[56],"Multi-Representation":[57],"Fusion":[58,109],"Network":[59],"(TM<inline-formula":[60],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[61],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[62],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[63],"F),":[64],"integrating":[65],"3D":[66,118],"cloud":[68,89,142],"data":[69],"2D":[71,122,131],"projections":[72],"enhanced":[74],"classification.":[77],"The":[78,91,144,186],"framework":[79],"employs":[80],"a":[81,107,149,190],"backpack-mounted":[82],"MLS":[83],"system":[84],"to":[85],"capture":[86],"high-quality":[87],"data.":[90],"core":[92],"architecture":[93],"features":[94],"an":[95],"Adaptive":[96],"Hierarchical":[97],"Sampling":[98],"(AHS)":[99],"module":[100,111],"extracting":[101],"multi-scale":[102],"geometric":[103],"features,":[104],"followed":[105],"by":[106],"Cross-View":[108],"(CVF)":[110],"that":[112],"implements":[113],"stage-":[114],"wise":[115],"fusion":[116,125],"of":[117,152],"structural":[119],"information":[120],"representations.":[123],"strategy":[126],"not":[127],"only":[128],"leverages":[129],"established":[130],"feature":[132],"extraction":[133],"pipelines,":[134],"but":[135],"also":[136],"addresses":[137],"sparsity":[138],"issues":[139],"projections.":[143],"method":[145],"was":[146],"validated":[147],"on":[148],"diverse":[150],"dataset":[151],"eight":[153],"(seven":[157],"broadleaf":[158],"one":[160],"coniferous":[161],"species).":[162],"Quantitative":[163],"assessment":[164],"yielded":[165],"98.57%":[166],"F1-score":[167],"98.77%":[169],"Overall":[170],"Accuracy":[171],"moderate":[173],"computational":[174],"resources":[175],"(2.25M":[176],"parameters,":[177],"1.11G":[178],"FLOPs),":[179],"demonstrating":[180],"improvements":[182],"over":[183],"existing":[184],"methods.":[185],"proposed":[187],"workflow":[188],"achieves":[189],"balance":[191],"between":[192],"accuracy":[194],"processing":[196],"efficiency,":[197],"making":[198],"it":[199],"suitable":[200],"large-scale":[202],"inventory":[205],"applications.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}