{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409310581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","title":"Infrared Satellite Detection Limits for Monitoring Atmospheric Ammonia","display_name":"Infrared Satellite Detection Limits for Monitoring Atmospheric Ammonia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409310581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000646354","display_name":"Mark W. Shephard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-9612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark W. Shephard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-9612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037178299","display_name":"Shailesh Kumar Kharol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8300"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh K. Kharol","raw_affiliation_strings":["AtmoAnalytics Inc., Brampton, ON, Canada","AtmoAnalytics Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-8300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtmoAnalytics Inc., Brampton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AtmoAnalytics Inc., Brampton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048261607","display_name":"Enrico Dammers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-8205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Dammers","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-8205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017681080","display_name":"Christopher E. Sioris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-8755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher E. Sioris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022738816","display_name":"Andrew Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5633-6289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delf, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delf, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113505450","display_name":"R. Jansen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rik Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089934595","display_name":"J. Caron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8548-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Caron","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113591849","display_name":"Ralph Snel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Snel","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088403985","display_name":"Emanuela Palombo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuela Palombo","raw_affiliation_strings":["TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TNO, Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073575107","display_name":"Karen Cady\u2010Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1386-3791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154624","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04cg70g73","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154624"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen E. Cady-Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER), Inc., Lexington, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER), Inc., Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154624"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081702690","display_name":"C. A. McLinden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-1380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris A. McLinden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013360290","display_name":"Erik Lutsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342547582","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Lutsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-0979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342547582"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082643714","display_name":"Robert O. Knuteson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-7672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert O. Knuteson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-7672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.5336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79345397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"10272","last_page":"10291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7428325414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6032370328903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4656693637371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia","display_name":"Ammonia","score":0.456104576587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.43148428201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.42331624031066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2652791142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1646866798400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15363606810569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12655293941497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.12011906504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10308349132537842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7428325414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6032370328903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4656693637371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.456104576587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.43148428201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.42331624031066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2652791142463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1646866798400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15363606810569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12655293941497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.12011906504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10308349132537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30ba7758d4374793a3f227e4fb384631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30ba7758d4374793a3f227e4fb384631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 10272-10291 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3557240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1905552237","https://openalex.org/W1927512309","https://openalex.org/W1967805043","https://openalex.org/W1980552928","https://openalex.org/W1981204350","https://openalex.org/W1981668388","https://openalex.org/W1982186755","https://openalex.org/W1984015353","https://openalex.org/W1997333994","https://openalex.org/W2000365764","https://openalex.org/W2008596136","https://openalex.org/W2010341850","https://openalex.org/W2011218519","https://openalex.org/W2028057062","https://openalex.org/W2032797598","https://openalex.org/W2054671213","https://openalex.org/W2112510814","https://openalex.org/W2121644151","https://openalex.org/W2125961783","https://openalex.org/W2130363197","https://openalex.org/W2133258543","https://openalex.org/W2153083983","https://openalex.org/W2166758679","https://openalex.org/W2301231207","https://openalex.org/W2306831916","https://openalex.org/W2401639230","https://openalex.org/W2416678665","https://openalex.org/W2891505056","https://openalex.org/W2943086997","https://openalex.org/W2979860422","https://openalex.org/W3095082551","https://openalex.org/W3175525140","https://openalex.org/W3175560456","https://openalex.org/W3187847340","https://openalex.org/W3197331276","https://openalex.org/W4205835295","https://openalex.org/W4281683804","https://openalex.org/W4286305852","https://openalex.org/W4296656430","https://openalex.org/W4302042904","https://openalex.org/W4377103294","https://openalex.org/W4385692031","https://openalex.org/W6636906493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347326134","https://openalex.org/W48902779","https://openalex.org/W2031268284","https://openalex.org/W2724868938","https://openalex.org/W2133461813","https://openalex.org/W2068177154","https://openalex.org/W2013329914","https://openalex.org/W2392383081","https://openalex.org/W1618102658","https://openalex.org/W3000740774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,172],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"single":[3],"pixel":[4],"nadir":[5],"viewing":[6],"detection":[7,33,63,121,137,158,170,173,195,230],"limit":[8,122,159,174,196],"of":[9,15,35,50,53,60,69,76,94,100,111,123,139,160,197,232],"atmospheric":[10,155,189,214],"ammonia":[11,36,43,107,190,244],"for":[12,178,243],"a":[13,61,74,84,90,120,136,157,168],"range":[14],"area":[16],"flux":[17,239],"mapping":[18,240],"satellite":[19,42,199],"infrared":[20,145],"sensor":[21,200],"spectral":[22,44,78,92],"resolutions":[23],"(0.05":[24],"cm-1to":[25],"2.0":[26],"cm-1)":[27],"and":[28,65,80,235],"measurement":[29],"noise":[30],"levels.":[31],"The":[32],"level":[34],"is":[37,165,176],"computed":[38],"directly":[39],"from":[40],"simulated":[41],"signatures,":[45],"which":[46],"has":[47],"the":[48,58,66,112,188,194,198,210,219,229],"advantage":[49],"being":[51],"independent":[52],"retrieval":[54],"methodologies.":[55],"Information":[56],"on":[57,108,228],"frequency":[59],"given":[62],"limit,":[64],"cumulative":[67],"probability":[68],"detection,":[70],"are":[71,192],"provided":[72],"as":[73,141,217],"function":[75],"instrument":[77,88,116],"resolution":[79,93],"noise.":[81],"For":[82],"example,":[83],"Cross-track":[85],"Infrared":[86],"Sounder-like":[87],"with":[89],"modest":[91],"0.625":[95],"cm-1and":[96],"excellent":[97],"signal-to-noise":[98],"ratio":[99],"\u223c1600":[101],"would":[102],"be":[103,133,222],"able":[104],"to":[105,224],"detect":[106],"average":[109],"\u223c70%":[110],"time;":[113],"these":[114],"same":[115],"specifications":[117],"will":[118],"have":[119],"0.2":[124],"ppbv":[125,162],"(surface)":[126],"or":[127],"1.6x1015molec":[128],"cm-2(total":[129],"column)":[130],"that":[131,180],"can":[132,221],"achieved":[134,166],"at":[135,167],"rate":[138],"10%":[140],"it":[142],"requires":[143],"favourable":[144],"remote":[146,182],"sensing":[147,183],"conditions":[148,186],"(large":[149],"thermal":[150],"contrast).":[151],"Under":[152],"more":[153],"typical":[154],"states":[156],"0.5":[161],"(3.5x1015molec":[163],"cm-2)":[164],"50%":[169],"rate.":[171],"information":[175],"valuable":[177],"applications":[179],"incorporate":[181],"data":[184],"in":[185,204],"when":[187],"amounts":[191],"below":[193],"(e.g.":[201],"non-growing":[202],"season":[203],"crop":[205],"fertilizer":[206],"source":[207],"regions).":[208],"As":[209],"simulations":[211],"use":[212],"real-world":[213],"state":[215],"observations":[216],"inputs":[218],"results":[220],"used":[223,242],"provide":[225],"general":[226],"guidance":[227],"limits":[231],"past,":[233],"current,":[234],"potential":[236],"new":[237],"environmental":[238],"instruments":[241],"monitoring":[245],"covering":[246],"large":[247],"geographical":[248],"regions.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
