{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408703382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","title":"High Resolution Sea Ice Concentration Using a Sentinel-1 U-Net Ice-Water Classifier","display_name":"High Resolution Sea Ice Concentration Using a Sentinel-1 U-Net Ice-Water Classifier","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408703382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004195178","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Rusin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3194-4373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jozef Rusin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034411171","display_name":"Anthony P. Doulgeris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-6896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony P. Doulgeris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083200788","display_name":"K. Andrea Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Andrea Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774746","display_name":"Thomas Lavergne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9498-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1314042554","display_name":"Norwegian Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001n36p86","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lavergne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039777730","display_name":"Catherine Taelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5742-6680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Taelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004195178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1314042554"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":4.2041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92991898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"9380","last_page":"9395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14479","display_name":"Freezing and Crystallization Processes","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.90420001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.66701740026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5561279058456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4565526843070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.432658851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.4118688404560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.32651257514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.3068334460258484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.66701740026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5561279058456421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4565526843070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.432658851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.4118688404560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.32651257514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.3068334460258484}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0984a152b58641b98f4a5ea36af77c8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0984a152b58641b98f4a5ea36af77c8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 9380-9395 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3553623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1922460326","https://openalex.org/W2013414210","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2144462256","https://openalex.org/W2334395466","https://openalex.org/W2578525233","https://openalex.org/W2753745899","https://openalex.org/W2756126285","https://openalex.org/W2762940707","https://openalex.org/W2772239202","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2929069017","https://openalex.org/W2979796207","https://openalex.org/W2984944093","https://openalex.org/W3010985562","https://openalex.org/W3019670400","https://openalex.org/W3031454572","https://openalex.org/W3034441913","https://openalex.org/W3034768790","https://openalex.org/W3036586801","https://openalex.org/W3037914990","https://openalex.org/W3040593397","https://openalex.org/W3043290775","https://openalex.org/W3044440238","https://openalex.org/W3107828915","https://openalex.org/W3155810142","https://openalex.org/W3158152196","https://openalex.org/W3165630282","https://openalex.org/W3172901241","https://openalex.org/W3217711916","https://openalex.org/W4210920397","https://openalex.org/W4221043770","https://openalex.org/W4224265835","https://openalex.org/W4226077502","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4319080942","https://openalex.org/W4319299953","https://openalex.org/W4382999237","https://openalex.org/W4386833085","https://openalex.org/W4386977178","https://openalex.org/W4388505080","https://openalex.org/W4391357609","https://openalex.org/W4394582368","https://openalex.org/W4396618406","https://openalex.org/W4401399426","https://openalex.org/W4401420261","https://openalex.org/W4403298271","https://openalex.org/W4404502277","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6739651123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221057659","https://openalex.org/W206690607","https://openalex.org/W4240873802","https://openalex.org/W2486603219","https://openalex.org/W1981028522","https://openalex.org/W2584433234","https://openalex.org/W3147447286","https://openalex.org/W2922651963","https://openalex.org/W2138002925","https://openalex.org/W835875322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,15,42,47,96,121,147,178,201,217,245],"high-resolution":[2,63,248],"sea":[3,242],"ice":[4,46,175,202,243],"concentration":[5],"(SIC)":[6],"mapping":[7],"is":[8,54,161,225],"essential":[9],"for":[10,184,240],"polar":[11],"navigation,":[12],"environmental":[13],"monitoring,":[14],"assimilation":[16],"into":[17,247],"forecast":[18],"models.":[19,249],"Traditional":[20],"passive":[21,193],"microwave":[22,194],"sensors,":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25,236],"AMSR2,":[26],"provide":[27],"reliable":[28],"SIC":[29,83,103,151,159,167,188,215,235],"estimates":[30],"but":[31],"are":[32,182],"limited":[33],"by":[34,169,196],"coarse":[35],"(5":[36],"km)":[37],"resolution,":[38,118],"particularly":[39],"near":[40],"coastlines":[41],"regions":[43],"with":[44],"mixed":[45],"open":[48,222],"water,":[49,223],"where":[50],"finer":[51],"spatial":[52,199],"detail":[53,200],"critical.":[55],"Synthetic":[56],"aperture":[57],"radar":[58],"(SAR)":[59],"imagery":[60],"offers":[61],"a":[62,68,148,237],"alternative.":[64],"This":[65,163],"study":[66],"applies":[67],"U-Net":[69,112],"convolutional":[70],"neural":[71],"network":[72],"to":[73,81,101,116,127],"Sentinel-1":[74],"SAR":[75,87],"data,":[76],"utilizing":[77],"pixelwise":[78],"ice-water":[79,145],"labels":[80,146],"enhance":[82],"mapping.":[84],"To":[85],"address":[86],"noise":[88,94,119,129],"challenges,":[89],"we":[90],"incorporate":[91],"multilooking,":[92],"adaptive":[93],"correction,":[95],"overlapping":[97],"patches":[98],"at":[99],"inference":[100],"improve":[102],"accuracy":[104],"while":[105],"preserving":[106],"fine-scale":[107],"features.":[108],"We":[109],"trained":[110],"the":[111,125,171,174,190,219,228],"across":[113],"multilooking":[114,140],"levels":[115],"balance":[117],"reduction,":[120],"computational":[122],"efficiency,":[123],"allowing":[124],"model":[126],"handle":[128],"artefacts":[130],"effectively.":[131],"Our":[132],"results":[133],"identify":[134],"an":[135,154],"optimal":[136],"7":[137,139],"\u00d7":[138,157],"level,":[141],"achieving":[142],"280":[143],"m":[144],"2.5":[149],"km":[150],"field":[152],"when":[153],"additional":[155,206],"9":[156,158],"window":[160],"applied.":[162],"configuration":[164],"enhances":[165],"traditional":[166],"products":[168,195],"improving":[170],"representation":[172],"of":[173,192,221],"edge,":[176],"leads,":[177],"near-coastal":[179],"features,":[180],"which":[181,224],"critical":[183],"operational":[185,241],"applications.":[186],"SAR-derived":[187],"addresses":[189],"limitations":[191],"providing":[197],"superior":[198],"edge":[203],"resolution.":[204],"Incorporating":[205],"information":[207],"from":[208],"AMSR2":[209],"or":[210],"wind":[211],"features":[212],"could":[213],"strengthen":[214],"robustness":[216],"minimize":[218],"misclassification":[220],"present":[226],"in":[227],"results.":[229],"These":[230],"advancements":[231],"would":[232],"establish":[233],"SAR-based":[234],"valuable":[238],"tool":[239],"monitoring":[244],"integration":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}