{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408441629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","title":"A Novel Convolutional Neural Network for the Extraction of Algal Bloom and Aquatic Vegetation in Typical Eutrophic Shallow Lakes","display_name":"A Novel Convolutional Neural Network for the Extraction of Algal Bloom and Aquatic Vegetation in Typical Eutrophic Shallow Lakes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408441629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107935520","display_name":"Jingming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002961308","display_name":"Chang\u2010Qing Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Qing Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040300781","display_name":"Yu Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9068-9182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065020171","display_name":"Jianwan Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-6281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwan Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101840929","display_name":"Zhenqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-2458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107935520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.0243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84441417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"8099","last_page":"8111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9050999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9050999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eutrophication","display_name":"Eutrophication","score":0.8328793048858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-bloom","display_name":"Algal bloom","score":0.7395207285881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloom","display_name":"Bloom","score":0.6277490854263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6128849983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquatic-plant","display_name":"Aquatic plant","score":0.5630755424499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5571571588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.4912082552909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38378316164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3439173698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.31159621477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25595778226852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytoplankton","display_name":"Phytoplankton","score":0.18424519896507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophyte","display_name":"Macrophyte","score":0.14699861407279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient","display_name":"Nutrient","score":0.13682764768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09963303804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07667317986488342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186699998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156698","display_name":"Eutrophication","level":3,"score":0.8328793048858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.7395207285881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155567681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2987425","display_name":"Bloom","level":2,"score":0.6277490854263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6128849983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34771814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186101","display_name":"Aquatic plant","level":3,"score":0.5630755424499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5571571588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4912082552909851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38378316164016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3439173698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.31159621477127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25595778226852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.18424519896507263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186101","display_name":"Macrophyte","level":2,"score":0.14699861407279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.13682764768600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09963303804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07667317986488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a579742791f4514b44ebdd0de930fc1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a579742791f4514b44ebdd0de930fc1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 8099-8111 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3548589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1443570721","https://openalex.org/W1571155008","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1934552780","https://openalex.org/W1964217023","https://openalex.org/W1970572293","https://openalex.org/W1978617972","https://openalex.org/W1988211208","https://openalex.org/W1996972086","https://openalex.org/W2033949672","https://openalex.org/W2043580143","https://openalex.org/W2064393559","https://openalex.org/W2085363852","https://openalex.org/W2086010379","https://openalex.org/W2092592606","https://openalex.org/W2136758825","https://openalex.org/W2151330086","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2224070395","https://openalex.org/W2381966470","https://openalex.org/W2411523665","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2752403911","https://openalex.org/W2891427275","https://openalex.org/W2895713976","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2975028292","https://openalex.org/W3008439211","https://openalex.org/W3035067580","https://openalex.org/W3128443778","https://openalex.org/W3195986991","https://openalex.org/W4210392987","https://openalex.org/W4210501753","https://openalex.org/W4220881159","https://openalex.org/W4306889303","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4318831967","https://openalex.org/W4324265046","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387993566","https://openalex.org/W4404027251","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6749493692","https://openalex.org/W6753182481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373032380","https://openalex.org/W3213657403","https://openalex.org/W3205523456","https://openalex.org/W2078934331","https://openalex.org/W2774775100","https://openalex.org/W2792760515","https://openalex.org/W4386400707","https://openalex.org/W2009359957","https://openalex.org/W2355375412","https://openalex.org/W2345562904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,26,37,70,79,93,117,138,155,162,176,180,188,192,219,227,230,233,237,244,269,287,311],"hybrid":[2],"impact":[3],"of":[4,28,39,69,74,81,96,179,204,209,216,225,229,246,271,281,289,313],"regional":[5,40,59],"climate":[6],"change":[7,167],"and":[8,32,61,72,88,98,123,152,154,157,165,198,211,251,261,315],"extensive":[9],"human":[10],"activities,":[11],"lake":[12,41,76],"eutrophication":[13],"has":[14],"become":[15],"an":[16,44,51,201,206,295,300],"increasingly":[17],"serious":[18],"problem,":[19],"which":[20],"causes":[21],"a":[22,127,212,279],"dramatic":[23],"reduction":[24],"in":[25,54,67,90,168,195,218,248,273,291,317],"area":[27,166,245,270,288],"aquatic":[29],"vegetation":[30,156],"(AV)":[31],"poses":[33],"huge":[34],"challenges":[35],"to":[36,108,119],"balance":[38],"ecosystems.":[42],"As":[43],"important":[45,52,306],"freshwater":[46],"resource,":[47],"shallow":[48,75,91,135,170],"lakes":[49,171],"play":[50],"role":[53],"balancing":[55],"water":[56,64],"resources,":[57],"adjusting":[58],"climate,":[60],"retaining":[62],"clean":[63],"supply.":[65],"However,":[66],"view":[68],"complexity":[71],"variability":[73],"environment,":[77],"especially":[78],"similarity":[80],"spectral":[82],"characteristics":[83],"between":[84],"algal":[85],"bloom":[86,158],"(AB)":[87],"AV":[89,99,124,272,290,316],"lakes,":[92],"extraction":[94,129,177],"results":[95,178,184],"AB":[97,122,197,247,314],"using":[100],"most":[101,238],"algorithms":[102],"are":[103],"not":[104],"satisfactory.":[105],"In":[106,223,267],"response":[107],"these":[109],"problems,":[110],"this":[111],"study":[112,303],"utilized":[113],"Landsat":[114],"images":[115],"as":[116],"dataset":[118],"accurately":[120],"differentiate":[121],"by":[125,256,299],"developing":[126],"new":[128],"network":[130],"(AAENet)":[131],"aiming":[132],"at":[133,278],"eutrophic":[134],"lakes.":[136,221,318],"Next,":[137],"AAENet":[139,181,189,231],"model":[140,190],"was":[141],"compared":[142],"with":[143,200],"three":[144],"classic":[145],"semantic":[146],"segmentation":[147],"models":[148],"(UNet,":[149],"Deeplab":[150],"v3,":[151],"PSPNet)":[153],"indices":[159],"algorithm.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"spatiotemporal":[163],"distribution":[164],"typical":[169],"were":[172],"analyzed":[173],"based":[174],"on":[175],"model.":[182],"The":[183],"showed":[185],"that:":[186],"1)":[187],"achieved":[191],"highest":[193],"accuracy":[194,203],"distinguishing":[196],"AV,":[199],"overall":[202],"87.85%,":[205],"F1":[207],"score":[208],"0.85,":[210],"Frequency":[213],"Weighted":[214],"Intersection-over-Union":[215],"0.76":[217],"testing":[220],"2)":[222],"terms":[224],"improving":[226],"performance":[228],"model,":[232],"ConvNeXt":[234],"encoder":[235],"played":[236],"significant":[239],"role.":[240],"3)":[241],"During":[242],"2013\u20132023,":[243],"Chaohu":[249,274],"Lake":[250,253,275,293],"Taihu":[252,292],"decreased":[254],"annually":[255],"0.73":[257],"km<sup":[258,263,283],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[259,264,284],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[260],"3.29":[262],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>,":[265],"respectively.":[266],"particular,":[268],"steadily":[276],"increased":[277],"rate":[280],"0.27":[282],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>/year,":[285],"whereas":[286],"exhibited":[294],"initial":[296],"decline":[297],"followed":[298],"increase.":[301],"This":[302],"can":[304],"provide":[305],"technical":[307],"support":[308],"for":[309],"monitoring":[310],"dynamics":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}