{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406755237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","title":"HSRoadNet: Hard-Swish Activation Function and Improved Squeeze\u2013Excitation Module Network for Road Extraction Using Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"HSRoadNet: Hard-Swish Activation Function and Improved Squeeze\u2013Excitation Module Network for Road Extraction Using Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406755237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021476252","display_name":"Xunqiang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunqiang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-2241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100581055","display_name":"Yingjie Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1694-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030713988","display_name":"Ailong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-6473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ailong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-6473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017180988","display_name":"Zhaoyang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-4795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-4795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake, Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Monitoring and Improving around Poyang Lake of Ministry of Natural Resources, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437748","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-9365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148145","display_name":"Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05kfmjk33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangxi Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences and Planning, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754351","display_name":"Yanfei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.3767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90437442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"4907","last_page":"4920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7069275379180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6274644732475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6201939582824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.5611791014671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.5398575067520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5079289078712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-broadcasting","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","score":0.441048264503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4324544668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40886372327804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38479316234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18830835819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14478272199630737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.114905446767807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7069275379180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6274644732475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6201939582824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.5611791014671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5398575067520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5079289078712463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986254709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209588","display_name":"Satellite broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.441048264503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4324544668197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40886372327804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38479316234588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18830835819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14478272199630737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.114905446767807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cac276d07faa4671970865f266b5940e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cac276d07faa4671970865f266b5940e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 4907-4920 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3533196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4457495975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2344888645","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2798925380","https://openalex.org/W2898504016","https://openalex.org/W2940668261","https://openalex.org/W2945957599","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2986088145","https://openalex.org/W2997156230","https://openalex.org/W3004605831","https://openalex.org/W3125708048","https://openalex.org/W3193740317","https://openalex.org/W3205584879","https://openalex.org/W4206240011","https://openalex.org/W4221145217","https://openalex.org/W4225398666","https://openalex.org/W4225742096","https://openalex.org/W4286491042","https://openalex.org/W4297054253","https://openalex.org/W4313409115","https://openalex.org/W4317603812","https://openalex.org/W4327695706","https://openalex.org/W4360994023","https://openalex.org/W4364302311","https://openalex.org/W4366980266","https://openalex.org/W4379140556","https://openalex.org/W4380032327","https://openalex.org/W4382138638","https://openalex.org/W4382138813","https://openalex.org/W4384789473","https://openalex.org/W4384829180","https://openalex.org/W4385574889","https://openalex.org/W4385748513","https://openalex.org/W4385834031","https://openalex.org/W4386179769","https://openalex.org/W4386602320","https://openalex.org/W4386713353","https://openalex.org/W4386780434","https://openalex.org/W4386918896","https://openalex.org/W4387515118","https://openalex.org/W4388125143","https://openalex.org/W4388145495","https://openalex.org/W4390061979","https://openalex.org/W4390873136","https://openalex.org/W4401819987"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377297411","https://openalex.org/W3148217948","https://openalex.org/W2520802852","https://openalex.org/W2325965825","https://openalex.org/W3029457158","https://openalex.org/W2508657954","https://openalex.org/W2899645533","https://openalex.org/W602579583","https://openalex.org/W3199988476","https://openalex.org/W2321671415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"information":[1,125],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,49,70,140,160,203],"many":[7],"fields.":[8],"To":[9],"prevent":[10,80],"failed":[11],"extraction":[12,40,54],"of":[13,17,66,90,103,122,126,179,189],"heterogeneous":[14],"regions,":[15],"fracture":[16,89],"extracted":[18,92],"roads":[19],"and":[20,25,68,85,87,106,155,169,206,214,223],"others":[21],"resulted":[22],"from":[23,83,191,241],"vehicles":[24,67],"trees":[26,69],"when":[27],"using":[28,109],"very":[29],"high":[30],"resolution":[31],"remote":[32,36],"sensing":[33,37],"images;":[34],"a":[35,74,119,187,238],"image":[38],"road":[39,53,71,104,128],"method":[41,145,182,200],"based":[42],"on":[43],"Hard-Swish":[44,96],"Squeeze\u2013Excitation":[45],"RoadNet":[46],"is":[47,56,77,235],"proposed":[48,144,181,199],"this":[50],"article.":[51],"First,":[52],"task":[55],"divided":[57],"into":[58],"three":[59],"correlated":[60],"subtasks":[61],"to":[62,79,99,114],"reduce":[63],"the":[64,91,101,110,116,123,127,143,158,180,184,192,198,207,228,242],"impact":[65],"extracting.":[72],"Second,":[73],"normalization":[75],"layer":[76],"adopted":[78],"gradient":[81],"levels":[82],"vanishing":[84],"exploring":[86],"avoid":[88],"road.":[93],"Then,":[94],"adopting":[95],"activation":[97],"function":[98],"improve":[100],"accuracy":[102],"extracting,":[105],"then":[107],"finally,":[108],"improved":[111,218],"squeeze\u2013excitation":[112],"module":[113],"make":[115],"trained":[117],"net":[118],"full":[120],"use":[121],"characteristic":[124],"that":[129,197],"do":[130],"not":[131],"increase":[132],"excessive":[133],"capacity.":[134],"Comparison":[135],"experimental":[136],"results":[137],"indicate":[138],"that,":[139],"various":[141,204],"indicators,":[142],"performs":[146,201],"serviceably,":[147],"it,":[148],"respectively,":[149,225],"increased":[150],"by":[151,219],"16.8%,":[152],"2.2%,":[153],"1.5%,":[154],"8.5%":[156],"over":[157,175],"suboptimal":[159,229],"<italic":[161,232],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[162,233],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F</i>-score,":[163],"global":[164,208],"accuracy,":[165,168,209,213],"class":[166,211],"average":[167,212],"recall":[170,215],"ratio.":[171],"The":[172,231],"mean":[173],"intersection":[174],"union":[176],"(MIoU)":[177],"value":[178],"was":[183],"suboptimum":[185],"with":[186,227,237],"disparity":[188],"0.2%":[190],"optimal.":[193],"Ablation":[194],"experiments":[195],"show":[196],"best":[202],"indices,":[205],"MIoU,":[210],"rate":[216],"are":[217],"0.5%,":[220,222],"0.1%,":[221],"0.2%,":[224],"compared":[226],"method.":[230],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F</i>-score":[234],"suboptimal,":[236],"0.3%":[239],"difference":[240],"best.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-01-24T00:00:00"}