{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406322614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","title":"Advanced Machine Learning Ensembles for Improved Precipitation Forecasting: The Modified Stacking Ensemble Strategy in China","display_name":"Advanced Machine Learning Ensembles for Improved Precipitation Forecasting: The Modified Stacking Ensemble Strategy in China","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406322614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102023748","display_name":"Tiantian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-1227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082188715","display_name":"Yifan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100340461","display_name":"Yujie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-6136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119683","display_name":"Zhejiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02n6dhr29","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061307388","display_name":"Lexi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-7252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6507939","display_name":"China United Network Communications Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/028w99c90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lexi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute, China United Network Communications Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6507939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551333","display_name":"Xuhua Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118629","display_name":"NARI Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02egn3136","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Research Center, Nanjing Great Information Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","AI Research Center, Nanjing Great Information Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research Center, Nanjing Great Information Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118629"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Research Center, Nanjing Great Information Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390094","display_name":"Haitao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027367677","display_name":"Guan Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102023748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.8319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66063084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"4242","last_page":"4254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.8974000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.8974000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.863099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.7867000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.7276491522789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.7131310701370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5699363350868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5314674973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.499722957611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.4776005744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.175571471452713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06715193390846252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.7276491522789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.7131310701370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5699363350868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5314674973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.499722957611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.4776005744934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.175571471452713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06715193390846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e330f30b45b4f4e8651c60de6dc23a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e330f30b45b4f4e8651c60de6dc23a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 4242-4254 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3528475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W763177348","https://openalex.org/W1507255258","https://openalex.org/W1974532363","https://openalex.org/W2011425404","https://openalex.org/W2054186378","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2596156269","https://openalex.org/W2775031014","https://openalex.org/W2796367884","https://openalex.org/W2797373921","https://openalex.org/W2799286067","https://openalex.org/W2884228249","https://openalex.org/W2980276221","https://openalex.org/W2982734953","https://openalex.org/W2989857225","https://openalex.org/W3011824760","https://openalex.org/W3019005275","https://openalex.org/W3072834119","https://openalex.org/W3128666714","https://openalex.org/W3194796466","https://openalex.org/W4206347244","https://openalex.org/W4207086037","https://openalex.org/W4210516877","https://openalex.org/W4282961571","https://openalex.org/W4293192773","https://openalex.org/W4293499134","https://openalex.org/W4294988569","https://openalex.org/W4297922471","https://openalex.org/W4313203532","https://openalex.org/W4313408624","https://openalex.org/W4319459209","https://openalex.org/W4321608133","https://openalex.org/W4372349670","https://openalex.org/W4382752193","https://openalex.org/W4383227059","https://openalex.org/W4384916764","https://openalex.org/W4385363975","https://openalex.org/W4387024816","https://openalex.org/W4389722600","https://openalex.org/W4391992354","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W6745609711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,12,19,33,52,72,130,141,152,192,223,235],"reliable":[2],"precipitation":[3,56,204,226],"forecasting":[4,36,57,116],"is":[5],"vital":[6],"for":[7,31,154,170,180],"effective":[8],"water":[9,232],"resource":[10,233],"management":[11,234],"disaster":[13,236],"mitigation,":[14],"especially":[15],"in":[16,185,203,219,231,238],"geographically":[17],"diverse":[18],"climatically":[20],"complex":[21],"regions":[22],"like":[23,217],"China.":[24,239],"This":[25],"study":[26],"proposes":[27],"an":[28,165],"advanced":[29,213],"methodology":[30],"medium-":[32],"long-term":[34],"hydrological":[35],"by":[37],"integrating":[38],"multiple":[39],"machine":[40,214],"learning":[41,215],"models":[42,140],"through":[43],"a":[44,89],"modified":[45],"stacking":[46],"ensemble":[47],"strategy":[48],"(MSES).":[49],"We":[50],"developed":[51],"compared":[53],"five":[54],"deterministic":[55,115],"models,":[58],"including":[59],"elastic":[60],"net":[61],"regression":[62],"(ENR),":[63],"support":[64],"vector":[65],"regression,":[66],"random":[67],"forest,":[68],"extreme":[69],"gradient":[70,74],"boosting,":[71],"light":[73],"boosting":[75],"to":[76,85],"provide":[77],"forecasts":[78],"with":[79,164],"lead":[80,155],"times":[81],"ranging":[82],"from":[83],"0":[84],"5":[86],"months":[87],"at":[88],"spatial":[90],"resolution":[91],"of":[92,167,189,212,225],"0.5<inline-formula":[93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[94,159,173],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[95,160,174],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^\\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[96],"The":[97,145,178],"MSES":[98,137,146,181,218],"was":[99,182,196],"then":[100],"evaluated":[101],"against":[102],"the":[103,120,136,142,190,193,210,221],"traditional":[104],"Bayesian":[105],"model":[106],"averaging":[107],"(BMA)":[108],"approach.":[109],"Our":[110],"comprehensive":[111],"evaluation,":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114],"metrics":[117],"such":[118],"as":[119],"anomaly":[121],"correlation":[122],"coefficient":[123],"(ACC),":[124],"mean":[125],"squared":[126],"skill":[127],"score":[128,195],"(MSSS),":[129],"Graded":[131],"Precipitation":[132],"Score":[133],"(Pg),":[134],"demonstrated":[135],"outperformed":[138],"individual":[139],"BMA":[143],"method.":[144],"achieved":[147],"ACC":[148],"scores":[149],"between":[150],"0.6":[151],"0.9":[153],"time":[156],"(LT)":[157],"<inline-formula":[158,172],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$=":[161,175],"0$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[162],"month,":[163],"average":[166],"around":[168],"0.8":[169],"LT":[171],"2$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[176],"months.":[177],"MSSS":[179],"above":[183,198],"0.5":[184],"more":[186],"than":[187],"half":[188],"evaluations,":[191],"Pg":[194],"consistently":[197],"80,":[199],"indicating":[200],"high":[201],"accuracy":[202,222],"magnitude":[205],"prediction.":[206],"These":[207],"findings":[208],"highlight":[209],"promise":[211],"strategies":[216],"improving":[220],"robustness":[224],"forecasts,":[227],"addressing":[228],"critical":[229],"needs":[230],"mitigation":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
