{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406171799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","title":"LMF-Net: A Learnable Multimodal Fusion Network for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Data","display_name":"LMF-Net: A Learnable Multimodal Fusion Network for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406171799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102956549","display_name":"Jihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-4223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721586","display_name":"Wenkai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-2708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-2708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078682653","display_name":"W Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1171-1734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1171-1734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088034177","display_name":"Ruixue Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-0539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixue Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chongyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8234-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chongyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8234-4420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114222094","display_name":"Boyuan Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyuan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5100-5918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005905514","display_name":"Xian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112365916","display_name":"Kun Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.6322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88888889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"3905","last_page":"3920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7575525045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.6664984822273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.614130973815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5905488729476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5590260624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.533598005771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.46838146448135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4056473970413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.346610426902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32333943247795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1219215989112854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7575525045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.6664984822273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.614130973815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5905488729476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5590260624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.533598005771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.46838146448135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4056473970413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.346610426902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32333943247795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1219215989112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28522c30e1894684ac550f53891ea35b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28522c30e1894684ac550f53891ea35b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 3905-3920 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3527213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425459066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3951022604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2963995737","https://openalex.org/W2965383240","https://openalex.org/W2972540077","https://openalex.org/W2987039128","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3035071066","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3103092912","https://openalex.org/W3108601100","https://openalex.org/W3127338020","https://openalex.org/W3127930846","https://openalex.org/W3130788620","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3142500263","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3184761517","https://openalex.org/W3198823972","https://openalex.org/W3201091899","https://openalex.org/W3202370946","https://openalex.org/W3209540366","https://openalex.org/W4200556575","https://openalex.org/W4214520160","https://openalex.org/W4214614183","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4220680175","https://openalex.org/W4226216909","https://openalex.org/W4226456028","https://openalex.org/W4226530543","https://openalex.org/W4229441694","https://openalex.org/W4283725744","https://openalex.org/W4285725870","https://openalex.org/W4290716516","https://openalex.org/W4293680532","https://openalex.org/W4298326888","https://openalex.org/W4312272867","https://openalex.org/W4312820606","https://openalex.org/W4313142416","https://openalex.org/W4313550878","https://openalex.org/W4318833867","https://openalex.org/W4321021845","https://openalex.org/W4322707648","https://openalex.org/W4324359021","https://openalex.org/W4366764080","https://openalex.org/W4378895202","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4382240924","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385748513","https://openalex.org/W4386179772","https://openalex.org/W4386275800","https://openalex.org/W4386634500","https://openalex.org/W4386737248","https://openalex.org/W4387618979","https://openalex.org/W4388505065","https://openalex.org/W4389104855","https://openalex.org/W4392543906","https://openalex.org/W4393159321","https://openalex.org/W4397026292","https://openalex.org/W4401879580","https://openalex.org/W4402259654","https://openalex.org/W6638480814","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6746052068","https://openalex.org/W6780226713","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6790275670","https://openalex.org/W6846053352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912321008","https://openalex.org/W1998607122","https://openalex.org/W2324368075","https://openalex.org/W2972124131","https://openalex.org/W338149487","https://openalex.org/W4403012196","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,44,206],"of":[2,54,60,147,183,214,226],"remote":[3,27,111],"sensing":[4,28,112],"images":[5],"has":[6,49],"produced":[7],"a":[8,37,119,138,190],"significant":[9],"effect":[10],"on":[11,66,195],"many":[12],"applications,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,221],"land":[16,19],"cover":[17],"and":[18,39,69,141,169,187,208,234],"use,":[20],"smoke":[21],"detection,":[22],"etc..":[23],"With":[24],"the":[25,52,58,155,180,224],"ever-growing":[26],"data,":[29],"fusing":[30],"multi-modal":[31,134],"data":[32,85],"from":[33],"different":[34,148,184],"sensors":[35],"is":[36,80,232],"feasible":[38],"effective":[40],"scheme":[41],"for":[42,77,110],"semantic":[43,55,113],"task.":[45],"Deep":[46],"learning":[47],"technology":[48],"prominently":[50],"promoted":[51],"development":[53],"segmentation.":[56,114],"However,":[57],"majority":[59],"current":[61],"approaches":[62],"commonly":[63],"focus":[64],"more":[65],"feature":[67],"mixing":[68],"construct":[70],"relatively":[71,93],"complex":[72,88],"architectures.":[73],"The":[74],"further":[75,153],"mining":[76],"cross-modal":[78,156],"features":[79,188],"comparatively":[81],"insufficient":[82],"in":[83,98,137,189,230,236],"heterogeneous":[84],"fusion.":[86],"Additionally,":[87],"structures":[89],"also":[90],"lead":[91],"to":[92,144,152,177],"heavy":[94],"computation":[95,215],"burden.":[96],"Therefore,":[97],"this":[99],"paper,":[100],"we":[101,116,159],"propose":[102],"an":[103],"end-to-end":[104],"Learnable":[105,165,170],"Multi-modal":[106],"Fusion":[107,122,167,172],"Network":[108],"(LMF-Net)":[109],"Concretely,":[115],"first":[117],"develop":[118],"Multi-Scale":[120],"Pooling":[121],"(MSPF)":[123],"module":[124],"by":[125],"leveraging":[126],"pooling":[127],"operator.":[128],"It":[129],"provides":[130],"key-value":[131],"pairs":[132],"with":[133],"complementary":[135],"information":[136],"parameter-free":[139],"manner":[140],"assigns":[142],"them":[143],"selfattention":[145],"layers":[146],"modal":[149,185],"branches.":[150],"Then,":[151],"harness":[154],"collaborative":[157,181],"embeddings/features,":[158],"elaborate":[160],"two":[161,196],"learnable":[162,191],"fusion":[163],"modules,":[164],"Embedding":[166],"(LEF)":[168],"Feature":[171],"(LFF).":[173],"They":[174],"are":[175],"able":[176],"dynamically":[178],"adjust":[179],"relationships":[182],"embeddings":[186],"approach,":[192],"respectively.":[193],"Experiments":[194],"well-established":[197],"benchmark":[198],"datasets":[199],"reveal":[200],"that":[201],"our":[202],"LMF-Net":[203,231],"possesses":[204],"superior":[205],"behavior":[207],"strong":[209],"generalization":[210],"capability.":[211],"In":[212],"terms":[213],"complexity,":[216],"it":[217],"achieves":[218],"competitive":[219],"performance":[220],"well.":[222],"Ultimately,":[223],"contribution":[225],"each":[227],"component":[228],"involved":[229],"evaluated":[233],"discussed":[235],"detail.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
