{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406089627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","title":"A Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning Method Combining Spectral, Terrain, and Texture Features for Landslide Mapping","display_name":"A Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning Method Combining Spectral, Terrain, and Texture Features for Landslide Mapping","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406089627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726640","display_name":"Yi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021832568","display_name":"Hesheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5894-5318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112327271","display_name":"Qing Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358831","display_name":"Qing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0990-721X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334327","display_name":"Lifeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-0032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024796451","display_name":"Wende Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-7308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wende Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031573314","display_name":"Huaiyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9831-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaiyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, China","Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100726640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":16.1739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.986966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"3746","last_page":"3765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7426894903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854506134986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landslide","display_name":"Landslide","score":0.6746190786361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5257892608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5180478096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.4812171757221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4503822922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4346977472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3629764914512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3176397681236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.18311738967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13258129358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.11414650082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10094773769378662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7426894903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854506134986877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186295008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167903","display_name":"Landslide","level":2,"score":0.6746190786361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5257892608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5180478096008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.4812171757221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4503822922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4346977472305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3629764914512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3176397681236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.18311738967895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13258129358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.11414650082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10094773769378662}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd000390f7e14566a4530bb8f1e425f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd000390f7e14566a4530bb8f1e425f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 3746-3765 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2025.3525633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8463334995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595896130","https://openalex.org/W1572404648","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2128866545","https://openalex.org/W2268721907","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2519746072","https://openalex.org/W2753093605","https://openalex.org/W2908624219","https://openalex.org/W2911982216","https://openalex.org/W2912361013","https://openalex.org/W2967019526","https://openalex.org/W3010818679","https://openalex.org/W3011692993","https://openalex.org/W3012377709","https://openalex.org/W3087192809","https://openalex.org/W3112278501","https://openalex.org/W3120574494","https://openalex.org/W3132018878","https://openalex.org/W3135903521","https://openalex.org/W3155643134","https://openalex.org/W3184521599","https://openalex.org/W3196798967","https://openalex.org/W3203344601","https://openalex.org/W3205495962","https://openalex.org/W3216637046","https://openalex.org/W4206039047","https://openalex.org/W4211011291","https://openalex.org/W4220957530","https://openalex.org/W4226066651","https://openalex.org/W4283398863","https://openalex.org/W4306157922","https://openalex.org/W4312055898","https://openalex.org/W4322753249","https://openalex.org/W4323313177","https://openalex.org/W4375928880","https://openalex.org/W4382999147","https://openalex.org/W4389352505","https://openalex.org/W4389836317","https://openalex.org/W4389862008","https://openalex.org/W4391433258","https://openalex.org/W4393533179","https://openalex.org/W4399347616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389676928","https://openalex.org/W3169474304","https://openalex.org/W2369104181","https://openalex.org/W3201652628","https://openalex.org/W4212972401","https://openalex.org/W2389287188","https://openalex.org/W3081499580","https://openalex.org/W2615020820","https://openalex.org/W3106883776","https://openalex.org/W2950100253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,144],"existing":[1],"landslide":[2,25,46,72,78,102,134,245],"recognition":[3,47,103,135,246],"methods":[4],"mainly":[5],"focus":[6],"on":[7],"the":[8,51,107,123,131,138,150,160,167,195,216],"use":[9],"spectral":[10,182,185,187],"bands":[11],"of":[12,38,55,60,109,126,133,153,172],"optical":[13,61],"remote":[14],"sensing":[15],"and":[16,35,58,64,84,115,156,158,169,191,200],"machine":[17],"learning":[18,69,101,163,213,220],"base":[19,118,214],"classifiers,":[20,215],"which":[21,49,105],"are":[22],"insufficient":[23],"in":[24,27,31,137,174,202,223,247],"characterization":[26],"complex":[28,142,175,248],"scenes,":[29],"resulting":[30],"a":[32,45,66,77,98,240],"high":[33],"missed":[34,168],"false":[36,170],"detection":[37,171],"landslides.":[39,127],"In":[40],"this":[41],"article,":[42],"we":[43,75,96,129],"develop":[44],"framework,":[48],"combines":[50,106],"multidimensional":[52,124,151],"feature":[53,80],"advantages":[54,108],"spectral,":[56,154],"terrain":[57,155,189],"texture":[59,192],"satellite":[62,88],"images,":[63],"constructs":[65],"heterogeneous":[67,99,161,218],"ensemble":[68,100,162,219],"method":[70,164],"for":[71,243],"mapping.":[73],"Firstly,":[74],"construct":[76,97],"multi-dimensional":[79],"dataset":[81],"using":[82,159,180],"Sentinel-2A":[83],"advanced":[85],"land":[86],"observing":[87],"(ALOS)":[89],"digital":[90],"elevation":[91],"model":[92],"(DEM)":[93],"data.":[94],"Then,":[95],"method,":[104],"fully":[110,121],"convolutional":[111],"network":[112],"(FCN),":[113],"U-Net,":[114],"attention":[116],"U-Net":[117],"classifiers":[119],"to":[120,228,235],"learn":[122],"features":[125,152],"Finally,":[128],"evaluate":[130],"performance":[132],"framework":[136],"Bailongjiang":[139],"River":[140],"Basin":[141],"scenes.":[143,176],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"integrating":[149,184],"texture,":[157],"can":[165],"reduce":[166],"landslides":[173],"Specifically,":[177],"compared":[178],"with":[179,211],"only":[181],"bands,":[183,186],"indexes,":[188],"factors":[190],"indexes":[193],"achieves":[194],"highest":[196],"Recall,":[197],"Kappa,":[198],"F1-score":[199],"MIoU":[201],"testing":[203],"areas,":[204],"MA":[205,230],"is":[206,231],"reduced":[207,232],"by":[208],"15.56%.":[209],"Compared":[210],"deep":[212],"constructed":[217],"demonstrates":[221],"improvements":[222],"Recall":[224],"ranging":[225],"from":[226,233],"41.67%":[227],"69.89%,":[229],"52.17%":[234],"30.11%.":[236],"This":[237],"study":[238],"provides":[239],"new":[241],"idea":[242],"high-precision":[244],"environments":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
