{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405895838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","title":"Peatland Water Table Depth Monitoring Using Quad-Polarimetric L-Band SAR","display_name":"Peatland Water Table Depth Monitoring Using Quad-Polarimetric L-Band SAR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405895838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093097117","display_name":"Benjamin Sterratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6828-4440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Sterratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012507723","display_name":"Armando Marino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Marino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103035434","display_name":"Cristian Silva-Perez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-5022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Silva-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114092600","display_name":"Georgina Page","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042030979","display_name":"Peter Hunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7269-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008840315","display_name":"Jens\u2010Arne Subke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens-Arne Subke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093097117"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21506477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"5824","last_page":"5837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6858150959014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.619583249092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.5172139406204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5140351057052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3343234658241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32648134231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10334372520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.05612665414810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05367434024810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.05345189571380615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6858150959014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.619583249092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.5172139406204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5140351057052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3343234658241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32648134231567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10334372520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.05612665414810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05367434024810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.05345189571380615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:86ebd96f048c4fcfa153ab4f882b2b03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/86ebd96f048c4fcfa153ab4f882b2b03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 5824-5837 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3523997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986237382","https://openalex.org/W1991111574","https://openalex.org/W2002466026","https://openalex.org/W2078230140","https://openalex.org/W2101648169","https://openalex.org/W2156932922","https://openalex.org/W2512643886","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2564371067","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2910341093","https://openalex.org/W2944323741","https://openalex.org/W3025440848","https://openalex.org/W4226409422","https://openalex.org/W4243039599","https://openalex.org/W4249972823","https://openalex.org/W4283025258","https://openalex.org/W4294739497","https://openalex.org/W4312891828","https://openalex.org/W4316497991","https://openalex.org/W4387803892","https://openalex.org/W6656178415","https://openalex.org/W6657666956","https://openalex.org/W6674629281","https://openalex.org/W6679461239","https://openalex.org/W6685325631","https://openalex.org/W6692391016","https://openalex.org/W6739425358","https://openalex.org/W6745795533","https://openalex.org/W6747188847","https://openalex.org/W6747423470","https://openalex.org/W6748882363","https://openalex.org/W6749906537","https://openalex.org/W6763324250","https://openalex.org/W6765497598","https://openalex.org/W6777553358","https://openalex.org/W6779166334","https://openalex.org/W6783091185","https://openalex.org/W6783731573","https://openalex.org/W6785033211","https://openalex.org/W6794122997","https://openalex.org/W6798840433","https://openalex.org/W6804103858","https://openalex.org/W6807917166","https://openalex.org/W6851344250","https://openalex.org/W6851792875","https://openalex.org/W6853825537","https://openalex.org/W6854440865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035593284","https://openalex.org/W2026860918","https://openalex.org/W2612145225","https://openalex.org/W2225281849","https://openalex.org/W2161058488","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2324949438","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W4252699458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate,":[0],"remote":[1],"sensing-based":[2],"methods":[3],"of":[4,31,86,200],"monitoring":[5,135],"peatland":[6,13,134],"water":[7],"table":[8],"depth":[9],"(WTD)":[10],"could":[11,131],"support":[12],"management":[14],"and":[15,49,62,88,147,225],"restoration.":[16],"Quad-polarimetric":[17],"L-band":[18,22,41],"synthetic-aperture":[19],"radar":[20],"(quad-pol":[21],"SAR)":[23],"imagery":[24],"has":[25],"potential":[26],"advantages":[27],"over":[28],"other":[29,89],"forms":[30],"SAR":[32,42,92,126],"more":[33,149],"often":[34],"used":[35,124],"for":[36,222],"WTD":[37,51,70,112,202],"modeling.":[38],"Using":[39],"quad-pol":[40],"observables":[43],"as":[44,170],"predictors,":[45],"we":[46,98,204],"modeled":[47],"spatiotemporal":[48],"temporal":[50,111,226],"variation":[52,113],"at":[53],"a":[54,214],"raised":[55],"bog":[56],"in":[57,187,208,232],"Scotland,":[58],"evaluating":[59],"model":[60,188],"performance,":[61],"several":[63,120],"parameters'":[64],"effects":[65,85],"on":[66,91],"performance.":[67],"While":[68],"predicting":[69],"spatiotemporally":[71],"will":[72],"likely":[73],"remain":[74],"challenging":[75],"(<italic":[76,102],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[77,79,103,105],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R</i><sup":[78,104],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[80,106],"=":[81,107],"0.02)":[82],"until":[83],"the":[84,116,171,185,198],"vegetation":[87],"characteristics":[90],"signal":[93],"can":[94],"be":[95],"accounted":[96],"for,":[97],"found":[99,118,174],"strong":[100],"ability":[101],"0.69)":[108],"to":[109,145,153,175,183,197],"predict":[110],"that":[114,123,220],"exceeded":[115],"performance":[117,157,177,189],"by":[119,192],"previous":[121],"studies":[122],"C-band":[125],"or":[127,141,150,213],"optical":[128],"imagery.":[129],"This":[130],"enable":[132],"wide-scale":[133],"identifying":[136],"when":[137],"areas":[138],"have":[139],"low":[140],"high":[142],"WTDs":[143],"relative":[144],"normal,":[146],"are":[148],"less":[151],"vulnerable":[152],"degradation,":[154],"respectively.":[155],"Model":[156],"was":[158,173],"validated":[159],"using":[160],"leave-location-out":[161],"cross":[162,168],"validation":[163,169,218],"(LLOCV)":[164],"rather":[165],"than":[166],"leave-one-out":[167],"latter":[172],"inflate":[176],"estimates.":[178],"LLOCV":[179,212],"uses":[180],"spatial":[181,193,224],"blocking":[182],"reduce":[184],"exaggeration":[186],"estimates":[190],"caused":[191],"autocorrelation,":[194],"and,":[195],"due":[196],"structure":[199],"many":[201],"datasets,":[203],"recommend":[205],"future":[206],"work":[207],"this":[209],"area":[210],"employs":[211],"similar":[215],"technique.":[216],"A":[217],"technique":[219],"accounts":[221],"both":[223],"autocorrelation":[227],"would":[228],"further":[229],"improve":[230],"confidence":[231],"results.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}