{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404788646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","title":"A Universal BRDF Archetype Database for Normalizing Directional Reflectance to Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance","display_name":"A Universal BRDF Archetype Database for Normalizing Directional Reflectance to Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404788646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101274377","display_name":"Qianrui Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianrui Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9411-4503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101502485","display_name":"Hu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-7960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-7960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junqin Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017154983","display_name":"Xiaoning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-5143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051997523","display_name":"Hongtao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615880","display_name":"Yan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-4145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053836097","display_name":"Lei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Navigation College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-9155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navigation College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084781000","display_name":"Yadong Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-9449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18080171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1237","last_page":"1251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.9729732275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.753558874130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadir","display_name":"Nadir","score":0.7211344838142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5302371978759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archetype","display_name":"Archetype","score":0.45816120505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.38991785049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22480061650276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20459848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06854304671287537}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.9729732275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.753558874130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.7211344838142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5302371978759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49848784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131714","display_name":"Archetype","level":2,"score":0.45816120505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.38991785049438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22480061650276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20459848642349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06854304671287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed0fe8474e8940d0a7615126646311d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed0fe8474e8940d0a7615126646311d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 1237-1251 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3507003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6020483103","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u89c2\u6d4b\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u5730\u8868\u53cd\u7167\u7387\u53cd\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G716638233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22JCQNJC01420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64717855","https://openalex.org/W84762205","https://openalex.org/W1534738087","https://openalex.org/W1550235540","https://openalex.org/W1557590941","https://openalex.org/W1965682604","https://openalex.org/W1976436125","https://openalex.org/W1976771393","https://openalex.org/W2003324716","https://openalex.org/W2011746637","https://openalex.org/W2020777623","https://openalex.org/W2027722261","https://openalex.org/W2029756745","https://openalex.org/W2031474541","https://openalex.org/W2033815159","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2049024497","https://openalex.org/W2060827275","https://openalex.org/W2083484144","https://openalex.org/W2085130213","https://openalex.org/W2102970817","https://openalex.org/W2113724293","https://openalex.org/W2137016389","https://openalex.org/W2138448722","https://openalex.org/W2139709933","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2159339462","https://openalex.org/W2170371392","https://openalex.org/W2170846069","https://openalex.org/W2172856599","https://openalex.org/W2173121193","https://openalex.org/W2273147317","https://openalex.org/W2285717070","https://openalex.org/W2507379830","https://openalex.org/W2518796256","https://openalex.org/W2526763154","https://openalex.org/W2581852451","https://openalex.org/W2791834254","https://openalex.org/W2792077377","https://openalex.org/W2898042936","https://openalex.org/W4288038083","https://openalex.org/W4385159091","https://openalex.org/W4385160617","https://openalex.org/W4385525005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565705615","https://openalex.org/W1981607559","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2115195669","https://openalex.org/W2034882520","https://openalex.org/W2081538989","https://openalex.org/W2000112597","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2890917258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"reflectance":[1,13,22,27,41,52,58,163,216,283],"varies":[2],"with":[3,184,222],"changes":[4],"in":[5,126,166,266,272],"solar":[6,91,136,150,245,253],"and":[7,81,92,137,140,151,169,194,198,211,246,263,300],"viewing":[8,93,138,152,203,247],"angles,":[9],"exhibiting":[10],"distinct":[11],"anisotropic":[12],"characteristics,":[14],"which":[15],"can":[16,36],"be":[17],"characterized":[18],"using":[19],"the":[20,38,45,57,83,99,114,127,167,174,180,185,201,214,223,227,241,251,257,273,287],"bidirectional":[21],"distribution":[23],"function":[24],"(BRDF).":[25],"Normalizing":[26],"from":[28,51,67,230],"various":[29,90],"directions":[30,183],"to":[31,112,148,232,240,289],"a":[32,76,279,291],"common":[33],"solar-viewing":[34],"geometry":[35],"eliminate":[37],"effects":[39],"of":[40,47,85,117,182,200,213,244],"anisotropy,":[42],"thereby":[43],"enhancing":[44],"accuracy":[46],"surface":[48,115],"parameter":[49],"retrieval":[50],"data.":[53],"In":[54,71],"previous":[55],"studies,":[56],"angular":[59,284],"normalization":[60,221],"typically":[61],"relies":[62],"on":[63,157,209],"prior":[64,142],"knowledge":[65,144],"extracted":[66],"coarse-resolution":[68],"BRDF":[69,78,87,107,124,143,224,235],"products.":[70],"this":[72],"study,":[73],"we":[74],"developed":[75],"universal":[77,106],"archetype":[79,88,108,125,225,236],"database":[80,109],"explored":[82],"applicability":[84,265],"each":[86],"across":[89],"angles.":[94,255],"The":[95,102,122,234],"results":[96],"indicate":[97,218],"that":[98,165,219],"following:":[100],"1)":[101],"3":[103,105],"\u00d7":[104],"is":[110,145,178,238],"sufficient":[111],"represent":[113],"anisotropy":[116],"different":[118,135,269],"spectral":[119],"bands.":[120],"2)":[121],"optimal":[123],"lookup":[128],"table":[129],"(LUT)":[130],"undergoes":[131],"notable":[132],"variations":[133],"under":[134],"geometries,":[139,248],"specific":[141],"applicable":[146,239],"only":[147],"certain":[149],"geometries.":[153],"3)":[154],"Validations":[155],"based":[156,208],"simulated":[158],"MODerate":[159],"resolution":[160],"imaging":[161],"spectroradiometer":[162],"suggests":[164],"red":[168],"near-infrared":[170],"(NIR)":[171],"bands,":[172],"when":[173],"observation":[175],"zenith":[176,254],"angle":[177],"60\u00b0,":[179],"percentages":[181],"root":[186],"mean":[187],"square":[188],"error":[189],"(RMSE)":[190],"values":[191],"below":[192],"0.05":[193],"0.06":[195],"constitute":[196],"82.74%":[197],"75.70%":[199],"entire":[202],"hemisphere,":[204],"respectively.":[205],"And":[206],"validations":[207],"polarization":[210],"directionality":[212],"Earth's":[215],"observations":[217,267],"after":[220],"LUT,":[226],"RMSE":[228],"decreases":[229],"0.0291":[231],"0.0249.":[233],"LUT":[237,258],"vast":[242],"majority":[243],"even":[249],"for":[250,282,296],"large":[252],"Additionally,":[256],"demonstrates":[259],"good":[260],"noise":[261],"resistance":[262],"high":[264],"at":[268],"scales,":[270],"particularly":[271],"NIR":[274],"band.":[275],"This":[276],"study":[277],"provides":[278],"new":[280],"approach":[281],"normalization,":[285],"offering":[286],"potential":[288],"provide":[290],"more":[292],"reliable":[293],"data":[294],"foundation":[295],"future":[297],"scientific":[298],"research":[299],"practical":[301],"applications.":[302]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
