{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404485018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","title":"A Gaussian Process Regression Method to Nowcast Cloud-to-Ground Lightning From Remote Sensing and Numerical Weather Modeling Data","display_name":"A Gaussian Process Regression Method to Nowcast Cloud-to-Ground Lightning From Remote Sensing and Numerical Weather Modeling Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404485018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024740872","display_name":"Alice La Fata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-2566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice La Fata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3730-2566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012936131","display_name":"Gabriele Moser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-2938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Moser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3796-2938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088088698","display_name":"Renato Procopio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-7959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato Procopio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-7959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunication Engineering, and Naval Architecture, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture Department, University of Genoa, Electrical, Electronics, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051903847","display_name":"M. Bernardi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115699","display_name":"CESI (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/02magnn81","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115699"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Bernardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano&#x2013;S.p.A, Milan, Italy","Marina Bernardi, CESI &#x2013; Centro elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano &#x2013; S.p.A, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1455-1063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano&#x2013;S.p.A, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marina Bernardi, CESI &#x2013; Centro elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano &#x2013; S.p.A, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014011649","display_name":"Elisabetta Fiori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132340","display_name":"Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'ambiente ligure","ror":"https://ror.org/0419b2556","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132340","https://openalex.org/I4405255721"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Fiori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell&#x0027;Ambiente Ligure, Genoa, Italy","Elisabetta Fiori, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell&#x0027;Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-159X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell&#x0027;Ambiente Ligure, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132340"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Elisabetta Fiori, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell&#x0027;Ambiente Ligure (ARPAL), Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132340"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":4.1677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94835613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1963","last_page":"1981"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9233999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.8634716868400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6668415665626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.657275915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5803864002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-forecasting","display_name":"Weather forecasting","score":0.5465173721313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5438436269760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.510246992111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47911572456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.46981480717658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.45904746651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.4540258049964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.44438794255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43489062786102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4243195056915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.3632764518260956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2027055323123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18785983324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1486225724220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11198028922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09837186336517334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.8634716868400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6668415665626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.657275915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5803864002227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.5465173721313477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5438436269760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.510246992111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47911572456359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.46981480717658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.45904746651649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.4540258049964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44438794255256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43489062786102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4243195056915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3632764518260956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2027055323123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18785983324050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1486225724220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11198028922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09837186336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f0c39a27077a4bf7b73b84418f266d57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f0c39a27077a4bf7b73b84418f266d57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 18, Pp 1963-1981 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1223857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1223857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196291","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","host_organization_name":"University of Genoa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3501976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176049404","https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1862799156","https://openalex.org/W1943040329","https://openalex.org/W1957718552","https://openalex.org/W1965001431","https://openalex.org/W1981528923","https://openalex.org/W1989285860","https://openalex.org/W1990590197","https://openalex.org/W2012811640","https://openalex.org/W2014067085","https://openalex.org/W2018796175","https://openalex.org/W2033213326","https://openalex.org/W2061082263","https://openalex.org/W2091164145","https://openalex.org/W2093221021","https://openalex.org/W2106969746","https://openalex.org/W2115336780","https://openalex.org/W2116493796","https://openalex.org/W2128193546","https://openalex.org/W2139038373","https://openalex.org/W2141194252","https://openalex.org/W2141789889","https://openalex.org/W2145539952","https://openalex.org/W2165508348","https://openalex.org/W2171467470","https://openalex.org/W2292718396","https://openalex.org/W2292922739","https://openalex.org/W2413379912","https://openalex.org/W2560778534","https://openalex.org/W2561545456","https://openalex.org/W2561649483","https://openalex.org/W2569758175","https://openalex.org/W2581644915","https://openalex.org/W2605040638","https://openalex.org/W2610277641","https://openalex.org/W2745452298","https://openalex.org/W2783423097","https://openalex.org/W2804429717","https://openalex.org/W2804943168","https://openalex.org/W2810946906","https://openalex.org/W2886671273","https://openalex.org/W2890406638","https://openalex.org/W2892844075","https://openalex.org/W2954163768","https://openalex.org/W2955797876","https://openalex.org/W2965580012","https://openalex.org/W2984597037","https://openalex.org/W2989173953","https://openalex.org/W2990126554","https://openalex.org/W3000706082","https://openalex.org/W3011180905","https://openalex.org/W3016496098","https://openalex.org/W3017123627","https://openalex.org/W3037765298","https://openalex.org/W3041265705","https://openalex.org/W3097599242","https://openalex.org/W3129804516","https://openalex.org/W3132910762","https://openalex.org/W3134495105","https://openalex.org/W3166285157","https://openalex.org/W4200076583","https://openalex.org/W4205183495","https://openalex.org/W4210548549","https://openalex.org/W4225159059","https://openalex.org/W4225736959","https://openalex.org/W4226028770","https://openalex.org/W4285285012","https://openalex.org/W4290755843","https://openalex.org/W4298140399","https://openalex.org/W4309647740","https://openalex.org/W4323315255","https://openalex.org/W4386038344","https://openalex.org/W4387829191","https://openalex.org/W4393241002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W566010457","https://openalex.org/W2600092203","https://openalex.org/W4293503520","https://openalex.org/W4300066510","https://openalex.org/W2056958800","https://openalex.org/W2803685231","https://openalex.org/W3134152097","https://openalex.org/W4311388919","https://openalex.org/W2966696655","https://openalex.org/W3081577063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,97,120,157],"climate":[1],"change":[2],"of":[3,14,32,36,39,47,50,89,104,108,130,169,174,191,202],"the":[4,12,21,37,44,48,65,68,87,102,124,128,153,162,189,192,200],"last":[5],"decades":[6],"is":[7,99,132,184],"causing":[8],"an":[9],"increase":[10],"in":[11,57,95],"frequency":[13],"extreme":[15,24],"event":[16],"occurrences.":[17],"Numerous":[18],"studies":[19],"confirm":[20],"link":[22],"between":[23,123],"meteorological":[25,125],"events":[26],"and":[27,67,117,127,145,148],"lightning":[28,40,91,118,131],"activity.":[29],"possibility":[31],"having":[33],"short-term":[34],"predictions":[35],"intensity":[38],"phenomena":[41],"would":[42,55],"allow":[43],"near-real-time":[45],"monitoring":[46],"evolution":[49],"these":[51],"events.":[52],"Such":[53],"knowledge":[54],"help":[56],"defining":[58],"operational":[59],"strategies":[60],"to":[61,85,198],"mitigate":[62],"effects":[63],"on":[64,101],"population":[66],"infrastructure.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71,73],"context,":[72],"article":[74],"proposes":[75],"a":[76,82,105,195],"multidisciplinary":[77],"approach":[78],"aiming":[79],"at":[80],"developing":[81],"regression":[83,137],"algorithm":[84,98],"nowcast":[86],"density":[88,129],"cloud-to-ground":[90],"strokes":[92,147,150,175],"1":[93],"h":[94],"advance.":[96],"developed":[100],"basis":[103],"joint":[106],"combination":[107],"remote":[109],"sensing":[110],"data,":[111],"numerical":[112],"weather":[113],"prediction":[114],"model":[115,163],"outcomes,":[116],"observations.":[119],"possible":[121],"dependence":[122],"data":[126],"estimated":[133,177],"using":[134],"Gaussian":[135],"process":[136],"models.":[138],"Separate":[139],"models":[140],"are":[141,176],"created":[142],"for":[143,149],"positive":[144],"negative":[146],"occurrences":[151],"over":[152],"land":[154],"or":[155],"sea.":[156],"experimental":[158],"results":[159],"indicate":[160],"that":[161],"quite":[164],"accurately":[165],"estimates":[166],"low":[167],"numbers":[168,173],"strokes,":[170],"whereas":[171],"larger":[172],"with":[178],"higher":[179],"errors.":[180],"Nevertheless,":[181],"their":[182],"presence":[183],"correctly":[185],"detected.":[186],"This":[187],"suggests":[188],"potential":[190],"method":[193],"as":[194],"processing":[196],"tool":[197],"support":[199],"management":[201],"weather-related":[203],"hazards.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
