{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402968184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","title":"An Evidence Modified Gaussian Process Classifier (EM-GPC) for Crop Classification Using Dual-Polarimetric C- and L- Band SAR Data","display_name":"An Evidence Modified Gaussian Process Classifier (EM-GPC) for Crop Classification Using Dual-Polarimetric C- and L- Band SAR Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402968184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036202186","display_name":"Swarnendu Sekhar Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-0826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Swarnendu Sekhar Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079384986","display_name":"Dipankar Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-7125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317621060","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati","ror":"https://ror.org/0022nd079","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipankar Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agro-geoinformatics Lab, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institue of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","Agro-geoinformatics Lab, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institue of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro-geoinformatics Lab, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institue of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agro-geoinformatics Lab, School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institue of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317621060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388874","display_name":"Sandeep Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-6760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061125696","display_name":"Narayanarao Bhogapurapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-7283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narayanarao Bhogapurapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020786167","display_name":"Biplab Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biplab Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050229976","display_name":"Paul Siqueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5781-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Siqueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057547054","display_name":"Avik Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avik Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036202186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.6579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83619981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"18683","last_page":"18702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.7642999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.7642999887466431,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.6796000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.6567000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5760424733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5746787190437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5562223196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5353503823280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5230230689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5143274068832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4610743522644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3745598793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.3611048758029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17347624897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.10550448298454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09689071774482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09004482626914978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5760424733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5746787190437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5562223196029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5353503823280334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5230230689048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5143274068832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4610743522644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3745598793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3611048758029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17347624897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.10550448298454285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09689071774482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09004482626914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03fa2ef80bb74aefadf4434085e71389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03fa2ef80bb74aefadf4434085e71389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 18683-18702 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3470956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499261876","https://openalex.org/W1964742754","https://openalex.org/W1965258976","https://openalex.org/W1970744877","https://openalex.org/W1981799081","https://openalex.org/W1987607942","https://openalex.org/W1994490949","https://openalex.org/W2003962096","https://openalex.org/W2014158985","https://openalex.org/W2027248184","https://openalex.org/W2035419249","https://openalex.org/W2041241239","https://openalex.org/W2062822804","https://openalex.org/W2075271931","https://openalex.org/W2111300010","https://openalex.org/W2117063635","https://openalex.org/W2117554345","https://openalex.org/W2134601045","https://openalex.org/W2141910291","https://openalex.org/W2149520480","https://openalex.org/W2149580466","https://openalex.org/W2150705511","https://openalex.org/W2162421262","https://openalex.org/W2164296623","https://openalex.org/W2181099529","https://openalex.org/W2331024206","https://openalex.org/W2399507930","https://openalex.org/W2413379912","https://openalex.org/W2569461747","https://openalex.org/W2570150535","https://openalex.org/W2595982264","https://openalex.org/W2612601779","https://openalex.org/W2613013283","https://openalex.org/W2745131289","https://openalex.org/W2764320286","https://openalex.org/W2771011869","https://openalex.org/W2890199212","https://openalex.org/W2894214161","https://openalex.org/W2905799827","https://openalex.org/W2945838957","https://openalex.org/W2975615325","https://openalex.org/W2984811207","https://openalex.org/W3004518435","https://openalex.org/W3021049014","https://openalex.org/W3040364706","https://openalex.org/W3080426972","https://openalex.org/W3095757848","https://openalex.org/W3110517849","https://openalex.org/W3128344449","https://openalex.org/W3158568413","https://openalex.org/W3193821677","https://openalex.org/W3193949974","https://openalex.org/W3207829387","https://openalex.org/W3207903963","https://openalex.org/W3215008255","https://openalex.org/W4206212643","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4213187732","https://openalex.org/W4214943545","https://openalex.org/W4224302643","https://openalex.org/W4225729907","https://openalex.org/W4285808964","https://openalex.org/W4296338434","https://openalex.org/W4296548477","https://openalex.org/W4323111060","https://openalex.org/W4385255574","https://openalex.org/W6637147955","https://openalex.org/W6683442033","https://openalex.org/W6684921082","https://openalex.org/W6745368558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026860918","https://openalex.org/W2035593284","https://openalex.org/W2612145225","https://openalex.org/W2225281849","https://openalex.org/W2161058488","https://openalex.org/W2324949438","https://openalex.org/W173514170","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W1964286703","https://openalex.org/W2169866437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"crop":[1,24,48,117,135,146,174,188,212,232],"classification":[2,118,136,147,189,233],"with":[3,119],"synthetic":[4],"aperture":[5],"radar":[6,64],"(SAR)":[7],"data":[8,33,88,127,154,200,237],"is":[9,50],"a":[10,90,96,112,120,143,186],"significant":[11,91],"area":[12],"of":[13,60,165,224],"research":[14],"and":[15,38,57,77,151,193,220],"translating":[16],"into":[17],"practice":[18],"from":[19,35,198],"local":[20],"to":[21,31,45,52,133,180],"regional":[22],"scale":[23],"inventory":[25],"mapping.":[26],"With":[27],"the":[28,43,103,157,166,225],"growing":[29],"accessibility":[30],"abundant":[32],"sources":[34],"both":[36],"current":[37],"upcoming":[39],"dual-polarimetric":[40,125,235],"SAR":[41,87,126,153,236],"missions,":[42],"capability":[44,230],"generate":[46],"precise":[47],"maps":[49],"set":[51],"enhance":[53],"substantially.":[54],"The":[55,162,222],"geometric":[56],"dielectric":[58],"properties":[59,76],"targets":[61],"highly":[62],"influence":[63],"backscatter.":[65],"Especially":[66],"for":[67,115,231],"agricultural":[68],"crops,":[69],"which":[70],"exhibit":[71],"dynamic":[72],"changes":[73],"in":[74,160,238],"target":[75],"physiological":[78],"structure":[79],"throughout":[80],"their":[81],"phenology,":[82],"discriminating":[83],"between":[84],"crops":[85],"using":[86,148,190],"remains":[89],"challenge.":[92],"This":[93],"study":[94,131],"introduces":[95],"novel":[97],"Gaussian":[98,106],"process":[99,107],"classifier":[100,108],"model":[101,168,227],"called":[102],"evidence":[104],"modified":[105,121],"(EM-GPC)":[109],"that":[110],"employs":[111],"regression":[113],"approach":[114],"multiclass":[116],"evidence.":[122],"We":[123],"utilize":[124],"acquired":[128,155,201],"over":[129,156,202],"two":[130],"sites":[132],"perform":[134,142,185],"utilizing":[137,234],"EM-GPC.":[138],"At":[139],"first,":[140],"we":[141,184],"phenology-based":[144],"single-date":[145],"ESAR":[149],"C-":[150],"L-band":[152,194],"DEMMIN":[158],"site":[159],"Germany.":[161],"performance":[163],"evaluation":[164],"EM-GPC":[167,208],"revealed":[169],"robust":[170],"accuracy":[171],"during":[172],"various":[173],"phenological":[175],"stages,":[176],"showcasing":[177],"its":[178,229],"adaptability":[179],"temporal":[181],"variations.":[182],"Further,":[183],"multidate":[187],"C-band":[191],"RADARSAT-2":[192],"simulated":[195],"NISAR":[196],"product":[197],"UAVSAR":[199],"Manitoba,":[203],"Canada.":[204],"In":[205],"this":[206],"study,":[207],"successfully":[209],"classifies":[210],"major":[211],"types":[213],"(wheat,":[214],"canola,":[215],"soybeans,":[216],"corn,":[217],"barley,":[218],"oats,":[219],"rye).":[221],"efficacy":[223],"proposed":[226],"establishes":[228],"operational":[239],"settings.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}