{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402661233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","title":"DCEA: DETR With Concentrated Deformable Attention for End-to-End Ship Detection in SAR Images","display_name":"DCEA: DETR With Concentrated Deformable Attention for End-to-End Ship Detection in SAR Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402661233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032758361","display_name":"Hai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9353-1346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9353-1346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642607","display_name":"Jin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-698X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101802308","display_name":"Xingye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-8877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-8877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012555900","display_name":"Lai Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6116-1671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lai Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0386-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0386-3405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074296493","display_name":"Bing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097049","display_name":"Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00z9npm78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097049"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086049872","display_name":"Zhongdai Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3388-9446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097049","display_name":"Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00z9npm78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097049"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongdai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3388-9446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":35.079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99686029,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"17292","last_page":"17307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9602000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.8276277184486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6854904890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4929072856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.441210001707077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4233097434043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3734782934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30587589740753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.28826767206192017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.8276277184486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6854904890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4929072856903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.441210001707077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4233097434043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3734782934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30587589740753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.28826767206192017}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8534023235194be69a3929c457ffba3d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8534023235194be69a3929c457ffba3d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 17292-17307 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3461723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2041227601","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2612624696","https://openalex.org/W2792552057","https://openalex.org/W2928007866","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964080601","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2997464028","https://openalex.org/W3011415554","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3038948729","https://openalex.org/W3041525128","https://openalex.org/W3092663126","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3135487395","https://openalex.org/W3167976421","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3184840388","https://openalex.org/W3200733355","https://openalex.org/W4205338556","https://openalex.org/W4206437590","https://openalex.org/W4207076822","https://openalex.org/W4214886591","https://openalex.org/W4312312588","https://openalex.org/W4312960790","https://openalex.org/W4313886592","https://openalex.org/W4322707254","https://openalex.org/W4323338302","https://openalex.org/W4379739662","https://openalex.org/W4385834442","https://openalex.org/W4386065740","https://openalex.org/W4386071592","https://openalex.org/W4386076079","https://openalex.org/W4386076222","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386472802","https://openalex.org/W4387073782","https://openalex.org/W4388116458","https://openalex.org/W4392694113","https://openalex.org/W4402754006","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739622702","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6793267612","https://openalex.org/W6804370092","https://openalex.org/W6809665764","https://openalex.org/W6862000706","https://openalex.org/W7071822164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"significant":[1],"advancements":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"achieved":[5],"in":[6,47],"optimizing":[7],"algorithms":[8],"for":[9,84,92,140],"synthetic":[10],"aperture":[11],"radar":[12],"(SAR)":[13],"ship":[14],"detection.":[15],"Nevertheless,":[16],"two":[17],"challenges":[18],"still":[19],"impede":[20],"further":[21],"research":[22],"as":[23],"follows.":[24],"1)":[25],"Mainstream":[26],"methods,":[27],"whether":[28],"anchor-free":[29],"or":[30],"anchor-based,":[31],"adhere":[32],"to":[33,38,60,107,127,147,163,170],"a":[34,81,156,208],"dense":[35],"paradigm,":[36],"leading":[37],"substantial":[39],"redundancy":[40],"and":[41,54,96,198,204,215],"limited":[42],"adaptability.":[43],"2)":[44],"Ship":[45],"targets":[46],"SAR":[48],"images":[49],"exhibit":[50],"large":[51],"shape":[52],"variations":[53],"scale":[55],"differences,":[56],"making":[57],"it":[58],"difficult":[59],"efficiently":[61],"extract":[62],"key":[63,165],"features":[64],"from":[65,167],"background":[66],"clutter.":[67],"To":[68,175],"tackle":[69],"the":[70,88,93,101,109,137,148,177,201],"aforementioned":[71],"problems,":[72],"we":[73,182],"propose":[74],"DETR":[75],"with":[76,118,132,207],"Concentrated":[77],"dEformable":[78],"Attention":[79],"(DCEA),":[80],"query-based":[82],"method":[83],"end-to-end":[85],"optimization":[86],"of":[87,99,112,150,180,195,211],"current":[89],"pipeline.":[90],"First,":[91],"irregular":[94],"shapes":[95],"sparse":[97],"distribution":[98],"ships,":[100],"concentrated":[102],"deformable":[103],"attention":[104],"is":[105,125,161],"introduced":[106],"model":[108,209],"spatial":[110],"positions":[111],"targets,":[113],"simulating":[114],"their":[115,172],"geometric":[116],"transformations":[117],"precision.":[119],"Second,":[120],"an":[121],"attentionwise":[122],"propagation":[123],"module":[124,160],"designed":[126],"integrate":[128],"local":[129],"fine-grained":[130],"information":[131,151,158,166],"global":[133],"semantic":[134],"information,":[135],"improving":[136],"detection":[138],"performance":[139,179],"objects":[141],"across":[142],"diverse":[143],"scales.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"due":[146],"lack":[149],"exchange":[152],"between":[153],"object":[154],"queries,":[155],"dimensionwise":[157],"mixing":[159],"employed":[162],"incorporate":[164],"various":[168],"dimensions":[169],"enhance":[171],"representation":[173],"capability.":[174],"validate":[176],"superior":[178],"DCEA,":[181],"conduct":[183],"extensive":[184],"experiments":[185],"on":[186,200],"multiple":[187],"public":[188],"datasets,":[189],"achieving":[190],"mean":[191],"average":[192],"precision":[193],"scores":[194],"0.991,":[196],"0.929,":[197],"0.962":[199],"SSDD,":[202],"HRSID,":[203],"SAR-Ship-Dataset,":[205],"respectively,":[206],"size":[210],"only":[212],"14.34M":[213],"parameters":[214],"44.4":[216],"giga":[217],"floating":[218],"point":[219],"operations.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
