{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402302114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","title":"1/<i>f</i>-Noise Estimation From Microwave Imager Data With Periodic Gaps","display_name":"1/<i>f</i>-Noise Estimation From Microwave Imager Data With Periodic Gaps","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402302114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107746989","display_name":"Sayak Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8621-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169540460","display_name":"The Aerospace Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar9e455","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayak K. Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8621-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047612314","display_name":"D Kunkee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169540460","display_name":"The Aerospace Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar9e455","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Kunkee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021856869","display_name":"G.A. Poe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880747138","display_name":"Science Applications International Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zv91802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene A. Poe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Application International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Application International Corporation, Reston, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880747138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114221437","display_name":"Steven D. Swadley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482750","display_name":"Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division","ror":"https://ror.org/03rj0mt16","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I4388482750"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven D. Swadley","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Atmospheric Dynamics and Prediction Branch, Marine Meteorology, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Atmospheric Dynamics and Prediction Branch, Marine Meteorology, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048419920","display_name":"Yang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-242X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169540460","display_name":"The Aerospace Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ar9e455","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107746989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169540460"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13069213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"16511","last_page":"16525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5937323570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5336803793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49872303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.4184643626213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35575371980667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2232169806957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17336377501487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1276130974292755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5937323570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5336803793907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49872303009033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.4184643626213074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35575371980667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2232169806957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17336377501487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1276130974292755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3045a6a2441642beaaea0b138ebe6eab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3045a6a2441642beaaea0b138ebe6eab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 16511-16525 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3456034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583505490","https://openalex.org/W2033454204","https://openalex.org/W2046468862","https://openalex.org/W2082699827","https://openalex.org/W2130609280","https://openalex.org/W2155470228","https://openalex.org/W2159012223","https://openalex.org/W2168317491","https://openalex.org/W2325267827","https://openalex.org/W4205571544","https://openalex.org/W4387803692","https://openalex.org/W6779559560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W4321016390","https://openalex.org/W2079569137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,12,104,162,199,348,357],"method":[3,85,145,325],"to":[4,50,119,186,190,298,317,329],"estimate":[5,52,191,201],"coefficients":[6,132,193,334],"<inline-formula":[7,19,32,56,92,112,128,204,236,272,318],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[8,20,24,33,57,93,113,129,205,214,237,273,319],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[9,21,25,34,58,94,114,130,206,215,238,274,320],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${{{\\bm{h}}}_{\\bm{n}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[10,131],"of":[11,16,55,91,109,137,153,169,194,227,248,268,309,335,339],"power":[13,89,135,231,293,337],"spectral":[14],"density":[15],"the":[17,28,53,72,88,110,121,127,134,138,149,154,170,180,192,195,203,209,224,228,253,269,288,307,313,332,336,352],"form":[18,111,354],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\bm{\\Sigma}}{{{\\bm{h}}}_{\\bm{n}}}/{{{\\bm{f}}}^{\\bm{n}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[22],"(<inline-formula":[23,213],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\bm{f}}\\;{\\bm{\\":[26],"}}\\text{is}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[27],"frequency":[29,106,196,225,349],"and":[30,117,151,159,175,179,261,305],"integer":[31],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\bm{n}}":[35],"\\geq":[36],"0$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[37],"from":[38,71,223,280],"corresponding":[39],"measured":[40],"time":[41,164],"series":[42],"with":[43,76,141,258],"periodic":[44,78,142],"gaps.":[45,143],"This":[46,324],"technique":[47,172],"is":[48,173,183,220,295,355],"applied":[49,185],"consistently":[51],"amount":[54],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1/{\\bm{f}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[59,95,207,321],"noise":[60,96,292,322,341],"present":[61,97],"in":[62,98,287,312],"weather":[63],"system":[64],"follow-on":[65],"microwave":[66,67],"imager's":[68],"(MWI)":[69],"channels":[70,256],"time-series":[73,139],"data":[74,140,155,189,251,315],"collected":[75],"different":[77],"gaps":[79,156],"during":[80],"prelaunch":[81],"ground":[82,249],"tests.":[83],"The":[84,144,166,233,266,290],"assumes":[86,147],"that":[87,148],"spectrum":[90,123,136,294,338],"MWI":[99,255],"can":[100,344],"be":[101,327,345],"represented":[102],"as":[103,347],"second-order":[105],"polynomial":[107,226,333,353],"model":[108],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\bm{\\Sigma}}{{{\\bm{h}}}_{\\bm{n}}}/{{{\\bm{f}}}^{\\bm{n}}}{\\bm{\\":[115],"}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[116],"attempts":[118],"retrieve":[120],"true":[122],"by":[124],"solving":[125],"for":[126,161,202,252,331],"using":[133,177],"also":[146],"periodicity":[150],"duration":[152],"are":[157],"known":[158,356],"consistent":[160],"given":[163,351],"series.":[165],"theoretical":[167],"basis":[168],"new":[171,181],"derived":[174,291],"tested":[176],"simulation":[178],"procedure":[182],"then":[184,221,296],"real":[187],"test":[188,250],"polynomial.":[197],"As":[198],"quantitative":[200],"noise,":[208],"radiometer":[210],"gain":[211,229],"fluctuation":[212,230],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\bm{\\Delta}}{\\bm{G}}/{\\bm{G}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[216],"at":[217],"1":[218,234,270],"Hz":[219,235,271],"solved":[222],"spectrum.":[232],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(":[239,275],"{{\\bm{\\Delta}}{\\bm{G}}/{\\bm{G}}}":[240,276],")$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[241,277],"values":[242,278],"were":[243],"compared":[244],"between":[245],"two":[246,282],"sets":[247],"same":[254],"but":[257],"large":[259],"(92%)":[260],"small":[262],"(4.89%)":[263],"duty":[264],"cycles.":[265],"similarity":[267],"extracted":[279],"these":[281],"disparate":[283],"datasets":[284],"establishes":[285],"confidence":[286],"method.":[289],"used":[297],"simulate":[299],"MWIs":[300],"radiometric":[301],"brightness":[302],"temperature":[303],"images":[304],"predict":[306],"level":[308],"unwanted":[310],"striping":[311],"flight":[314],"due":[316],"content.":[323],"may":[326],"applicable":[328],"solve":[330],"any":[340],"process,":[342],"which":[343],"modeled":[346],"polynomial,":[350],"priori.":[358]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
