{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402040748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","title":"Time-Dependent Ionospheric Tomography Based on Two-Step Reconstruction and Node Parameterization Algorithm","display_name":"Time-Dependent Ionospheric Tomography Based on Two-Step Reconstruction and Node Parameterization Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402040748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067733927","display_name":"Biyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Biyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015733934","display_name":"Xiaoman Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoman Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088405677","display_name":"Zhetao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0565-2038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhetao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996490","display_name":"Jin Li-jun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7918-5572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception, Cognition and Prediction, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048696544","display_name":"Wenkun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067733927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.7743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84388034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"15789","last_page":"15805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.6370204091072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6047999262809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5627625584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5548408031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5034663081169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.43617287278175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.21476250886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18173456192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1789151430130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11966755986213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11739841103553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.0803748071193695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.6370204091072083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6047999262809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5627625584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5548408031463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5034663081169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.43617287278175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.21476250886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18173456192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1789151430130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11966755986213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11739841103553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0803748071193695}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1049fe612ae42fab602e6ba0dc0bff8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1049fe612ae42fab602e6ba0dc0bff8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 15789-15805 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3452137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1907525826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42274042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2791273083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JJ30697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4783958870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023JJ20060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7065817770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42388102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527223577","https://openalex.org/W1645324970","https://openalex.org/W1649028884","https://openalex.org/W1976678191","https://openalex.org/W1979840804","https://openalex.org/W1983388630","https://openalex.org/W1986805835","https://openalex.org/W1987402796","https://openalex.org/W1990863308","https://openalex.org/W1998169444","https://openalex.org/W2007224040","https://openalex.org/W2007855793","https://openalex.org/W2018191970","https://openalex.org/W2019518734","https://openalex.org/W2032083931","https://openalex.org/W2035154002","https://openalex.org/W2044117803","https://openalex.org/W2049280730","https://openalex.org/W2052547154","https://openalex.org/W2058333419","https://openalex.org/W2064645482","https://openalex.org/W2067552149","https://openalex.org/W2068342176","https://openalex.org/W2074940689","https://openalex.org/W2082402838","https://openalex.org/W2087092418","https://openalex.org/W2112442791","https://openalex.org/W2118610328","https://openalex.org/W2135397225","https://openalex.org/W2137378983","https://openalex.org/W2142601363","https://openalex.org/W2153568285","https://openalex.org/W2154296673","https://openalex.org/W2170778915","https://openalex.org/W2209628630","https://openalex.org/W2273192325","https://openalex.org/W2294569936","https://openalex.org/W2405689954","https://openalex.org/W2460469795","https://openalex.org/W2464543489","https://openalex.org/W2582285548","https://openalex.org/W2601862135","https://openalex.org/W2602891109","https://openalex.org/W2770194917","https://openalex.org/W2782631487","https://openalex.org/W2796129686","https://openalex.org/W2796275192","https://openalex.org/W2802049087","https://openalex.org/W2897174844","https://openalex.org/W2949359735","https://openalex.org/W2957162079","https://openalex.org/W3000249159","https://openalex.org/W3004506590","https://openalex.org/W3015809536","https://openalex.org/W3016918017","https://openalex.org/W3026127269","https://openalex.org/W3095583967","https://openalex.org/W3118309623","https://openalex.org/W3156522276","https://openalex.org/W3176085745","https://openalex.org/W3196982508","https://openalex.org/W3197757747","https://openalex.org/W3212411829","https://openalex.org/W4206075000","https://openalex.org/W4293715471","https://openalex.org/W4297545588","https://openalex.org/W4306702103","https://openalex.org/W4310078331","https://openalex.org/W4317761496","https://openalex.org/W4360999583","https://openalex.org/W4383750349","https://openalex.org/W4386825353","https://openalex.org/W4386864861","https://openalex.org/W4386918769","https://openalex.org/W6630412898","https://openalex.org/W6775423833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2354177919","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2033398951","https://openalex.org/W2063188081","https://openalex.org/W2070062488","https://openalex.org/W1501974031","https://openalex.org/W1664443510","https://openalex.org/W2103316155","https://openalex.org/W92118459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131,176],"precise":[1],"reconstruction":[2,51,79],"of":[3,37,46,52,84,116,178,192],"ionospheric":[4,47,61],"electron":[5],"density":[6],"(IED)":[7],"fields":[8,54],"with":[9,55,137],"high":[10,56,188,198],"spatial":[11,32],"and":[12,34,158,170],"temporal":[13,35],"resolutions":[14],"has":[15],"always":[16],"been":[17],"challenging.":[18],"Global":[19],"navigation":[20],"satellite":[21],"system":[22],"(GNSS)":[23],"tomography":[24,48,62,132,163],"is":[25,70,108,121,135,182,208],"a":[26,42,87,142,187],"powerful":[27],"tool":[28],"to":[29,99,154],"resolve":[30],"the":[31,50,66,73,77,81,94,105,112,125,151,155,161,179,197,205],"structure":[33],"behavior":[36],"IED.":[38],"This":[39],"study":[40],"proposes":[41],"novel":[43],"two-step":[44,78],"algorithm":[45],"for":[49,72,118],"IED":[53,85,117,126],"time":[57,89],"resolution.":[58],"Linear":[59],"time-dependent":[60,172],"model":[63,207],"based":[64],"on":[65],"node-based":[67],"parameterization":[68],"method":[69],"established":[71],"first":[74,91],"time.":[75],"In":[76,103],"method,":[80],"linear":[82,171],"trends":[83],"over":[86,141],"long":[88],"are":[90,97],"inverted.":[92],"Then,":[93],"modeling":[95,181],"residuals":[96],"adopted":[98],"obtain":[100],"deviation":[101],"terms.":[102],"addition,":[104],"design":[106],"matrix":[107],"adaptively":[109],"adjusted":[110],"because":[111],"vertical":[113],"variation":[114],"parameter":[115],"each":[119,129],"voxel":[120],"dynamically":[122],"updated":[123],"from":[124,147],"profiles":[127],"after":[128],"iteration.":[130],"(5":[133],"min)":[134],"validated":[136],"GPS":[138],"data":[139],"collected":[140],"one-month":[143],"period":[144,191],"(September":[145],"2020)":[146],"629":[148],"stations":[149],"in":[150,196],"USA.":[152],"According":[153],"GPS,":[156],"COSMIC-2,":[157],"Swarm":[159],"validations,":[160],"proposed":[162],"approach":[164],"outperforms":[165],"voxel-based,":[166],"traditional":[167],"node":[168],"parameterization,":[169],"methods":[173],"by":[174,185],"10%\u201340%.":[175],"performance":[177],"tomographic":[180,206],"further":[183],"examined":[184],"using":[186],"geomagnetic":[189,213],"activity":[190,200],"April":[193],"20\u201329,":[194],"2023":[195],"solar":[199],"year.":[201],"Results":[202],"show":[203],"that":[204],"robust":[209],"even":[210],"during":[211],"severe":[212],"storms.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}