{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401943658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","title":"Pixel-Level Quantification of Damage and Recovery Caused by the Russia\u2013Ukraine Conflict Based on Nighttime Light Imagery","display_name":"Pixel-Level Quantification of Damage and Recovery Caused by the Russia\u2013Ukraine Conflict Based on Nighttime Light Imagery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401943658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627316","display_name":"Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-2080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413147","display_name":"Chen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-5998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082813692","display_name":"Jie Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8832-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037300772","display_name":"L. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-8980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-8980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100363065","display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004211515","display_name":"Yuxuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1528-4301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068281473","display_name":"Daiqi Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5463-7658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiqi Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5463-7658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying &amp; Geo-Informatics, Research Center for Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101627316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.0014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85995285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"14712","last_page":"14725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7007546424865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5771767497062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38382241129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36685818433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3387606143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3387604057788849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3281248211860657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7007546424865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5771767497062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38382241129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36685818433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3387606143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3387604057788849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3281248211860657}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:412fdc02b60d48babbb39ea293acc731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/412fdc02b60d48babbb39ea293acc731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 14712-14725 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3449394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2426519970","display_name":"\u9ec4\u571f\u9ad8\u539f\u534a\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u519c\u6c11\u975e\u519c\u751f\u8ba1\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53ca\u519c\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u548c\u751f\u6001\u6548\u5e94","funder_award_id":"41171449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2693298885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G325579224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-3-YB-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1461375622","https://openalex.org/W1494665070","https://openalex.org/W1770116696","https://openalex.org/W1967137980","https://openalex.org/W1971107761","https://openalex.org/W1987543819","https://openalex.org/W2013432995","https://openalex.org/W2093961399","https://openalex.org/W2095287262","https://openalex.org/W2171063743","https://openalex.org/W2601712055","https://openalex.org/W2741266280","https://openalex.org/W2762169750","https://openalex.org/W2796461903","https://openalex.org/W2803501010","https://openalex.org/W2807315121","https://openalex.org/W2909459832","https://openalex.org/W2920944916","https://openalex.org/W2991751858","https://openalex.org/W2995516913","https://openalex.org/W3038700173","https://openalex.org/W3089919509","https://openalex.org/W3093905312","https://openalex.org/W3097763118","https://openalex.org/W3164903997","https://openalex.org/W3207154947","https://openalex.org/W4205915061","https://openalex.org/W4210692941","https://openalex.org/W4250949512","https://openalex.org/W4280607724","https://openalex.org/W4280621181","https://openalex.org/W4280638838","https://openalex.org/W4284881983","https://openalex.org/W4296576796","https://openalex.org/W4297237933","https://openalex.org/W4297238401","https://openalex.org/W4313404312","https://openalex.org/W4382365639","https://openalex.org/W4383894956","https://openalex.org/W4385135954","https://openalex.org/W4385384024","https://openalex.org/W4387092562","https://openalex.org/W4387572622","https://openalex.org/W4388694417","https://openalex.org/W4390603927","https://openalex.org/W4391130507","https://openalex.org/W6830901228","https://openalex.org/W6838588793","https://openalex.org/W6959921203","https://openalex.org/W7053433409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"regional":[1],"conflicts":[2],"are":[3],"on":[4],"the":[5,36,40,44,61,65,68,94,102,108,111,131,134,143,148,159,162,176,180,192,210,213,230],"rise,":[6],"threatening":[7],"both":[8],"local":[9],"and":[10,13,19,46,49,87,91,97,215,219,235,241],"global":[11],"stability":[12],"development.":[14],"This":[15],"article":[16],"used":[17],"monthly":[18],"daily":[20],"nighttime":[21],"light":[22],"(NTL)":[23],"imagery":[24],"from":[25],"December":[26],"2021":[27],"to":[28,31,59,82,92,114,196,237],"April":[29],"2022":[30],"analyze":[32],"NTL":[33,119,226],"dynamics":[34],"during":[35,191],"initial":[37],"period":[38],"of":[39,64,110,121,133,156,161,170,182,199,207,212,233],"Russia\u2013Ukraine":[41],"conflict":[42,66,76,112,135,149,234],"at":[43,67,158,166,186],"national":[45],"subnational":[47],"(oblast":[48],"city)":[50],"levels.":[51],"In":[52,71],"addition,":[53],"a":[54,74,115,137,197],"novel":[55],"method":[56],"was":[57,80,217],"proposed":[58],"quantify":[60,93],"direct":[62,95,231],"impact":[63,139],"pixel":[69],"level.":[70],"this":[72],"study,":[73],"new":[75],"effect":[77],"index":[78],"(CEI)":[79],"constructed":[81],"distinguish":[83],"conflict-damaged":[84],"area":[85,89,145,211],"(CDA)":[86],"conflict-recovered":[88],"(CRA)":[90],"damage":[96],"subsequent":[98],"recovery":[99],"caused":[100],"by":[101],"conflict.":[103],"The":[104,126,204,222],"results":[105],"indicate":[106],"that":[107,130,225],"outbreak":[109],"led":[113],"significant":[116],"decrease":[117],"in":[118,209],"intensity":[120],"about":[122],"56%":[123],"across":[124,140],"Ukraine.":[125],"pixel-level":[127],"CEI":[128],"indicated":[129],"onset":[132],"had":[136],"broad":[138],"Ukraine,":[141],"with":[142],"affected":[144],"shrinking":[146],"as":[147],"progressed.":[150],"Damaged":[151],"areas":[152,184],"accounted":[153],"for":[154],"12%":[155],"Ukraine":[157],"start":[160],"conflict,":[163,193],"but":[164,194],"decreased":[165,195],"an":[167],"average":[168],"rate":[169,206],"2963.25":[171],"km<sup":[172,188,201],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[173,189,202],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>/day":[174],"over":[175],"following":[177],"week,":[178],"while":[179],"size":[181],"recovered":[183],"peaked":[185],"9258.75":[187],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[190],"low":[198],"3750":[200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[203],"maximum":[205],"change":[208],"CDA":[214],"CRA":[216],"\u221267%":[218],"135%,":[220],"respectively.":[221],"study":[223],"demonstrates":[224],"data":[227],"can":[228],"capture":[229],"destruction":[232],"help":[236],"support":[238],"humanitarian":[239],"relief":[240],"postdisaster":[242],"reconstruction":[243],"efforts.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2024-08-29T00:00:00"}