{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401749745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","title":"BEMRF-Net: Boundary Enhancement and Multiscale Refinement Fusion for Building Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery","display_name":"BEMRF-Net: Boundary Enhancement and Multiscale Refinement Fusion for Building Extraction From Remote Sensing Imagery","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401749745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111021397","display_name":"Shaohan Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114514340","display_name":"Dejun Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6021-4906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejun Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6021-4906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114950190","display_name":"Suning Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9754-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suning Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102614465","display_name":"Wanqi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2077-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2077-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047147","display_name":"Hongyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2242-1301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2242-1301","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083261303","display_name":"Yakun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-2653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yakun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-2653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595886","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6751-7062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137963","display_name":"China Railway Design Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1j8d96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Railway Design Corporation, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Railway Design Corporation, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030017120","display_name":"Saied Pirasteh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-037X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192209268","display_name":"Shaoxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/0435tej63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saied Pirasteh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-037X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192209268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002320979","display_name":"Jun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-2355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":8.6088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98031448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"16342","last_page":"16358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.6385279893875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6043068170547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.577677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5650390386581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4969024956226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4967857003211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44329702854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3703247904777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.205244243144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10876849293708801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6385279893875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6043068170547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.577677309513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5650390386581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4969024956226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4967857003211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44329702854156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3703247904777527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.205244243144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10876849293708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b03179e73c5c4f0baff7c3022abe05a6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b03179e73c5c4f0baff7c3022abe05a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 16342-16358 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3447788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3039089679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M742884","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3063214093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24ZDYF0633","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336596","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4109928617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A20565","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4967276362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23JCQNJC01130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6165092380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G792608105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8439171865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336596","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1988691524","https://openalex.org/W2094682449","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2160754664","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2609402060","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2947603930","https://openalex.org/W2958988252","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2980346985","https://openalex.org/W2982206001","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3014060899","https://openalex.org/W3022657898","https://openalex.org/W3023923911","https://openalex.org/W3040608330","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3104035745","https://openalex.org/W3172435473","https://openalex.org/W3180799764","https://openalex.org/W3186746298","https://openalex.org/W3211329537","https://openalex.org/W3215100961","https://openalex.org/W3217180935","https://openalex.org/W4200142374","https://openalex.org/W4200585411","https://openalex.org/W4206007731","https://openalex.org/W4213172700","https://openalex.org/W4213182257","https://openalex.org/W4213300644","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4293334967","https://openalex.org/W4296079303","https://openalex.org/W4303857120","https://openalex.org/W4312600819","https://openalex.org/W4315977514","https://openalex.org/W4319596976","https://openalex.org/W4323316517","https://openalex.org/W4362449408","https://openalex.org/W4362733878","https://openalex.org/W4367721800","https://openalex.org/W4376891040","https://openalex.org/W4379622527","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385657692","https://openalex.org/W4386602088","https://openalex.org/W4387515118","https://openalex.org/W4388520273","https://openalex.org/W4388624516","https://openalex.org/W4390873228","https://openalex.org/W4392309229","https://openalex.org/W4392382508","https://openalex.org/W4392399454","https://openalex.org/W4395672719","https://openalex.org/W4399347616","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"methods":[2],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6],"building":[7,39,50,138],"information":[8,167],"extraction":[9,64],"from":[10],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"images":[13],"(RSIs).":[14],"However,":[15],"this":[16],"task":[17],"still":[18,83],"faces":[19],"great":[20],"challenges.":[21,103],"First,":[22],"it":[23],"is":[24,108],"difficult":[25],"to":[26,32,85,100,111,149],"perform":[27],"accurate":[28],"boundary":[29,40,93,115,131,139],"localization":[30],"due":[31],"the":[33,38,43,63,70,73,75,80,92,113,120,135,144,170,178,190,195,225],"complex":[34],"contextual":[35],"relationship":[36],"of":[37,65,72,79,137,173,180,216],"area.":[41],"Second,":[42],"heterogeneity":[44],"caused":[45,154],"by":[46,155],"different":[47],"materials":[48],"on":[49,233],"tops,":[51],"as":[52,54,58],"well":[53],"environmental":[55],"factors":[56],"such":[57],"climate":[59],"and":[60,77,95,127,133,163,187,194,218,236,243],"vegetation,":[61],"complicates":[62],"top":[66],"information.":[67],"Finally,":[68],"given":[69],"complexity":[71],"RSIs,":[74],"accuracy":[76,136,227],"generalization":[78],"existing":[81],"method":[82,207],"need":[84],"be":[86],"further":[87],"enhanced.":[88],"This":[89,158],"study":[90],"introduces":[91],"enhancement":[94],"multiscale":[96,145,174],"refinement":[97],"fusion":[98,147],"network":[99],"overcome":[101],"these":[102],"The":[104],"boundary-aware":[105],"self-attention":[106],"module":[107,148,159],"initially":[109],"proposed":[110],"refine":[112],"network's":[114],"detection":[116],"capabilities.":[117],"It":[118],"applies":[119],"distance":[121],"transform":[122],"algorithm":[123],"across":[124],"both":[125,201],"channel":[126],"spatial":[128],"dimensions,":[129],"reducing":[130],"fluctuation":[132],"enhancing":[134],"extraction.":[140],"Subsequently,":[141],"we":[142,183],"present":[143],"refined":[146],"resolve":[150],"discontinuities":[151],"within":[152],"buildings":[153],"rooftop":[156],"obstructions.":[157],"effectively":[160],"merges":[161],"high":[162],"low-level":[164],"features,":[165],"overcoming":[166],"gaps":[168],"through":[169],"strategic":[171],"integration":[172],"data.":[175],"To":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"efficacy":[179],"our":[181,240],"methodology,":[182],"conducted":[184],"comprehensive":[185],"experiments":[186],"analyses":[188],"using":[189],"WHU":[191],"Building":[192],"Dataset":[193],"Inria":[196],"Aerial":[197],"Image":[198],"Labeling":[199],"Dataset,":[200],"known":[202],"for":[203,220],"their":[204],"complexity.":[205],"Our":[206],"surpassed":[208],"16":[209],"contemporary":[210],"state-of-the-art":[211],"techniques,":[212],"achieving":[213],"IoU":[214],"scores":[215],"91.15%":[217],"79.52%":[219],"each":[221],"dataset,":[222],"respectively,":[223],"marking":[224],"highest":[226],"levels":[228],"reported.":[229],"Furthermore,":[230],"in-depth":[231],"discussions":[232],"efficiency,":[234],"generalizability,":[235],"ablation":[237],"studies":[238],"emphasized":[239],"method's":[241],"robustness":[242],"adaptability.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}