{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401507830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","title":"A New Method to Simulate the Microwave Effective Snow Grain Size in the Northern Hemisphere Without Using Snow Depth Priors","display_name":"A New Method to Simulate the Microwave Effective Snow Grain Size in the Northern Hemisphere Without Using Snow Depth Priors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401507830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107746727","display_name":"Jianwei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1708-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056336938","display_name":"Lingmei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingmei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081338321","display_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4434-9696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Lemmetyinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081080083","display_name":"Kari Luojus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285790362","display_name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hppb561","country_code":"FI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284112523","https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Luojus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285790362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107746727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":1.0791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72912859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"14670","last_page":"14686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8773716688156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.55936598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-size","display_name":"Grain size","score":0.49709370732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.483595073223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4676002860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.42792755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.4197341203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3573419153690338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.35253632068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3246273398399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23463588953018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.18920284509658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1698453724384308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.1415739357471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08521783351898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08392980694770813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8773716688156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.55936598777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.49709370732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.483595073223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4676002860069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.42792755365371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.4197341203689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3573419153690338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.35253632068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3246273398399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23463588953018188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.18920284509658813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1698453724384308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.1415739357471466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08521783351898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08392980694770813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a787a75317974c28b220c14c34bab500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a787a75317974c28b220c14c34bab500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 14670-14686 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3441817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3676352411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6334101434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42090014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8605528030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021NTST02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963826241","https://openalex.org/W1970641180","https://openalex.org/W1972045259","https://openalex.org/W1979818948","https://openalex.org/W1987288027","https://openalex.org/W1990572727","https://openalex.org/W2000056584","https://openalex.org/W2027824608","https://openalex.org/W2034409215","https://openalex.org/W2052312814","https://openalex.org/W2058776629","https://openalex.org/W2064821271","https://openalex.org/W2080908843","https://openalex.org/W2085165183","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2147679049","https://openalex.org/W2148147063","https://openalex.org/W2158143121","https://openalex.org/W2166252673","https://openalex.org/W2171761316","https://openalex.org/W2174732504","https://openalex.org/W2265573996","https://openalex.org/W2291349597","https://openalex.org/W2419345105","https://openalex.org/W2461785582","https://openalex.org/W2514631964","https://openalex.org/W2550290998","https://openalex.org/W2562602163","https://openalex.org/W2591291746","https://openalex.org/W2597417278","https://openalex.org/W2604571421","https://openalex.org/W2763635700","https://openalex.org/W2785695140","https://openalex.org/W2792886864","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2924542758","https://openalex.org/W2973027498","https://openalex.org/W2992562544","https://openalex.org/W3005266794","https://openalex.org/W3017283281","https://openalex.org/W3028009944","https://openalex.org/W3161636749","https://openalex.org/W3176041963","https://openalex.org/W3177423633","https://openalex.org/W3189947907","https://openalex.org/W3195071620","https://openalex.org/W3207046961","https://openalex.org/W3212250770","https://openalex.org/W4242609942","https://openalex.org/W4294287515","https://openalex.org/W4320878983","https://openalex.org/W4376851073","https://openalex.org/W4381250924","https://openalex.org/W4389145730","https://openalex.org/W4393232243","https://openalex.org/W4401431342","https://openalex.org/W6725921232","https://openalex.org/W6863097526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386190339","https://openalex.org/W2968424575","https://openalex.org/W3142333283","https://openalex.org/W2580650124","https://openalex.org/W3122088529","https://openalex.org/W3041320102","https://openalex.org/W2111669074","https://openalex.org/W2085259108","https://openalex.org/W4321016390","https://openalex.org/W2079569137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,29,91,167],"snow":[1,27,31,47,138,164],"water":[2,12],"equivalent":[3],"(SWE)":[4],"of":[5,11,58,114,118,137,169,200],"a":[6,78,86],"snowpack":[7],"represents":[8],"the":[9,37,56,83,95,107,115,119,123,135,154,180,229,232],"amount":[10],"it":[13],"contains.":[14],"SWE":[15],"retrieval":[16,64],"with":[17,185,191,219],"passive":[18],"microwave":[19],"remote":[20],"sensing":[21],"techniques":[22,177],"is":[23,71,157],"notably":[24],"affected":[25],"by":[26],"metamorphism.":[28],"effective":[30],"grain":[32],"size":[33],"(effGS)":[34],"described":[35],"in":[36,62,66,122,127,148],"GlobSnow":[38,124,186,230],"methodology":[39],"can":[40,246],"be":[41,247],"retrieved":[42],"over":[43,189,208],"areas":[44,67],"where":[45,68],"prior":[46,59,240],"depth":[48,139,165],"data":[49,188],"are":[50,103,111],"available.":[51],"However,":[52],"this":[53,74],"dependency":[54],"on":[55,238],"availability":[57],"knowledge":[60],"results":[61,92],"increased":[63],"uncertainty":[65],"such":[69],"information":[70],"unavailable.":[72],"In":[73],"work,":[75],"we":[76],"proposed":[77,233],"new":[79],"method":[80,234],"to":[81,212,228],"predict":[82],"effGS":[84,121,150,160,181],"using":[85],"random":[87],"forest":[88,217],"(RF)":[89],"model.":[90],"indicated":[93],"that":[94,153,179],"geographical":[96],"location,":[97],"orographic":[98],"effects,":[99],"and":[100,109,129,151,173,215,242],"seasonal":[101],"characteristics":[102],"important":[104,112],"for":[105,159],"retrieving":[106],"effGS,":[108],"they":[110],"components":[113],"kriging":[116],"interpolation":[117],"daily":[120],"methodology,":[125,231],"resulting":[126],"spatial":[128],"temporal":[130],"autocorrelation":[131],"phenomena.":[132],"We":[133],"assessed":[134],"performances":[136],"priors":[140],"from":[141,224],"either":[142],"station":[143],"measurements":[144],"or":[145],"gridded":[146],"products":[147],"predicting":[149],"found":[152],"RF":[155],"model":[156],"promising":[158],"prediction":[161],"even":[162],"without":[163],"priors.":[166],"application":[168],"spatially":[170],"independent":[171],"verification":[172],"10-fold":[174],"cross-validation":[175],"(10-CV)":[176],"revealed":[178],"estimates":[182],"generally":[183],"agreed":[184],"reference":[187],"Eurasia,":[190],"overall":[192,220],"unbiased":[193],"root":[194],"mean":[195],"square":[196],"error":[197],"(unRMSE)":[198],"values":[199,222],"0.15.0.18":[201],"mm,":[202],"but":[203],"high":[204],"errors":[205],"were":[206],"observed":[207],"North":[209],"America":[210],"due":[211],"terrain":[213],"variability":[214],"heterogeneous":[216],"cover,":[218],"unRMSE":[221],"ranging":[223],"0.22.0.31":[225],"mm.":[226],"Compared":[227],"does":[235],"not":[236],"rely":[237],"ground-based":[239],"information,":[241],"improved":[243],"computational":[244],"efficiency":[245],"achieved.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
