{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400810650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","title":"A Novel Coral Reef Classification Method Combining Radiative Transfer Model With Deep Learning","display_name":"A Novel Coral Reef Classification Method Combining Radiative Transfer Model With Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400810650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024326822","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110374192","display_name":"Xue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-9428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014737936","display_name":"Zhen Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-8690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115596731","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090744","display_name":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/00jaxam28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090744","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710713","display_name":"Huad\u00f3ng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103685","display_name":"South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/0192yj155","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["South China Sea Sea Area and Island Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South China Sea Sea Area and Island Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109432710","display_name":"Guannan Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guannan Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao YueHai Information Service Company Ltd., Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao YueHai Information Service Company Ltd., Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024326822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.8558,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90078153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"13400","last_page":"13412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coral-reef","display_name":"Coral reef","score":0.7518289685249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reef","display_name":"Reef","score":0.7228089570999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5456898212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.5052319169044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.49423888325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4910445213317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3624414801597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.34036874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3210911154747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.27952784299850464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79367842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11292","display_name":"Coral reef","level":2,"score":0.7518289685249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77044568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184358","display_name":"Reef","level":2,"score":0.7228089570999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5456898212432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5052319169044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.49423888325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4910445213317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3624414801597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34036874771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3210911154747009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.27952784299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b69874b637a34ff2ab3b913feaafe745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b69874b637a34ff2ab3b913feaafe745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 13400-13412 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3430899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4307956993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41930535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270958267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MESTA-2022-A004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310282","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6878131696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310282","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02ntv3742"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1965671380","https://openalex.org/W1969714219","https://openalex.org/W1971689326","https://openalex.org/W2029383238","https://openalex.org/W2029937946","https://openalex.org/W2066946237","https://openalex.org/W2070022366","https://openalex.org/W2074680214","https://openalex.org/W2081873506","https://openalex.org/W2137507310","https://openalex.org/W2208462565","https://openalex.org/W2348791353","https://openalex.org/W2349312728","https://openalex.org/W2362994484","https://openalex.org/W2376728857","https://openalex.org/W2380625938","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2548390709","https://openalex.org/W2571641218","https://openalex.org/W2605473822","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2883640872","https://openalex.org/W2894435778","https://openalex.org/W2901160729","https://openalex.org/W2910279698","https://openalex.org/W2937874144","https://openalex.org/W2953355660","https://openalex.org/W2956453367","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2965616808","https://openalex.org/W2973049108","https://openalex.org/W2973262151","https://openalex.org/W2997344004","https://openalex.org/W3000464638","https://openalex.org/W3004984378","https://openalex.org/W3006984222","https://openalex.org/W3015543858","https://openalex.org/W3022397457","https://openalex.org/W3049063071","https://openalex.org/W3087899714","https://openalex.org/W3158107828","https://openalex.org/W3170869700","https://openalex.org/W3180746471","https://openalex.org/W3184761438","https://openalex.org/W3206934897","https://openalex.org/W3214821343","https://openalex.org/W4293558809","https://openalex.org/W4318455102","https://openalex.org/W4387415454","https://openalex.org/W4390270165","https://openalex.org/W6641768118","https://openalex.org/W7015356570","https://openalex.org/W7019461650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467387222","https://openalex.org/W2012693525","https://openalex.org/W2018708029","https://openalex.org/W91196398","https://openalex.org/W1999831262","https://openalex.org/W216125233","https://openalex.org/W2090659657","https://openalex.org/W4243776866","https://openalex.org/W4240184638","https://openalex.org/W4386555858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coral":[0],"reef":[1,44,166,186,201,234],"ecosystem":[2],"is":[3,14,113,124,195],"gradually":[4],"being":[5],"threatened,":[6],"thus":[7],"monitoring":[8],"coral":[9,25,43,165,233],"reefs":[10],"using":[11],"remote":[12],"sensing":[13],"of":[15,41,63,69,119,143,164,243],"great":[16],"significance.":[17],"There":[18],"are":[19],"difficulties":[20],"in":[21,161],"identifying":[22,232],"and":[23,66,98,134,141,189,208],"classifying":[24],"reefs.":[26],"We":[27],"propose":[28],"a":[29,224],"radiative":[30,50],"transfer":[31,51],"model":[32,47,65,79,97,112,146,157,222],"with":[33,53,93,106,148,214,228],"deep":[34,54,127],"learning":[35,55,128],"(RTDL)":[36],"to":[37,57,83,137],"improve":[38],"the":[39,42,49,59,64,67,70,75,85,104,107,117,120,139,144,155,162,171,192,200,215,241],"accuracy":[40,172,194],"classification.":[45],"This":[46,78,130],"combines":[48],"theory":[52],"methods":[56],"consider":[58],"nonlinear":[60],"fitting":[61],"ability":[62],"constraints":[68],"physical":[71],"model,":[72],"which":[73,123],"improves":[74],"classification":[76,163,226],"accuracy.":[77],"utilizes":[80],"ICESat-2":[81],"data":[82],"obtain":[84],"underwater":[86],"topography":[87],"photons":[88],"(UTP)":[89],"by":[90,102,126,173,179,197,204,209],"active":[91],"contours":[92],"variable":[94],"convolution":[95],"kernel":[96],"retrieves":[99],"water":[100],"depth":[101],"combining":[103],"UTP":[105],"Sentinel-2":[108],"images.":[109],"An":[110],"exponential":[111],"used":[114],"for":[115,182,199,206,211,231,240],"reinforcing":[116],"reflectivity":[118],"seabed":[121],"features,":[122],"executed":[125],"models.":[129],"study":[131],"uses":[132],"multidimensional":[133],"multitemporal":[135],"images":[136],"illustrate":[138],"generalization":[140],"robustness":[142],"RTDL":[145,156],"compared":[147,213],"other":[149],"methods.":[150],"The":[151,168,221],"result":[152],"indicates":[153],"that":[154],"obtains":[158],"remarkable":[159],"achievements":[160],"landforms.":[167],"method":[169,217,238],"increases":[170],"5%,":[174],"mean":[175],"intersection":[176],"over":[177],"union":[178],"13%,":[180],"especially":[181],"areas,":[183,235],"such":[184],"as":[185],"front":[187,202],"slopes":[188],"lagoons,":[190,212],"where":[191],"identification":[193],"increased":[196],"26%":[198],"slopes,":[203],"15%":[205],"sandbars,":[207],"9%":[210],"traditional":[216],"across":[218],"14":[219],"areas.":[220],"provides":[223],"stable":[225],"framework":[227],"physically":[229],"meaningful":[230],"providing":[236],"robust":[237],"support":[239],"conservation":[242],"their":[244],"ecosystems.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
