{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400646649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","title":"SWO: A Lightweight Window Spatiotemporal Attention Network Reconstructs Subsurface Temperature Structure","display_name":"SWO: A Lightweight Window Spatiotemporal Attention Network Reconstructs Subsurface Temperature Structure","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400646649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092416","display_name":"Jiawei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1222-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1222-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384934","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-8226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135052","display_name":"Hunan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/03ty5px05","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135052"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","Hunan Key Laboratory for Marine Detection Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-8226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory for Marine Detection Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1274-6297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1274-6297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079563757","display_name":"Liqiang Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-2074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Big Data Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","Ocean Big Data Center for In Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Big Data Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Big Data Center for In Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017681780","display_name":"Qiufu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-7852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiufu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-7852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114909880","display_name":"Chao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-7911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-7911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003232477","display_name":"Liang Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1617-4327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1617-4327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102728226","display_name":"Xiangguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5798-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101167","display_name":"Institute of Oceanology","ror":"https://ror.org/018yw5541","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Marine Science, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5798-2530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101167","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Marine Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":4.0586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93226723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"19274","last_page":"19287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.8632000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.8632000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7572000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.7392593622207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.531391978263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32299983501434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.07044804096221924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7392593622207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.531391978263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32299983501434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.07044804096221924}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7eefebdd407e4b02b4404fd4d301de5a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7eefebdd407e4b02b4404fd4d301de5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 19274-19287 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3427845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888458058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42176030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2201505124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC3101504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1972326664","https://openalex.org/W2014453774","https://openalex.org/W2017311131","https://openalex.org/W2053022429","https://openalex.org/W2062350618","https://openalex.org/W2098226218","https://openalex.org/W2100420917","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890709458","https://openalex.org/W2908080566","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2923222994","https://openalex.org/W2996936831","https://openalex.org/W2998837504","https://openalex.org/W3011560410","https://openalex.org/W3032530134","https://openalex.org/W3044843206","https://openalex.org/W3132280960","https://openalex.org/W3138340468","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3154744092","https://openalex.org/W3158655122","https://openalex.org/W3171884590","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W3183146101","https://openalex.org/W3201062030","https://openalex.org/W3211378683","https://openalex.org/W4205138939","https://openalex.org/W4281490710","https://openalex.org/W4283818963","https://openalex.org/W4285049669","https://openalex.org/W4288067872","https://openalex.org/W4288068958","https://openalex.org/W4308871745","https://openalex.org/W4309953041","https://openalex.org/W4311765452","https://openalex.org/W4366828379","https://openalex.org/W4376140118","https://openalex.org/W4381795070","https://openalex.org/W4382466628","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W4387129442","https://openalex.org/W4390604084","https://openalex.org/W4390871945","https://openalex.org/W4391480186","https://openalex.org/W4399852563","https://openalex.org/W6628877408","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745829810","https://openalex.org/W6757613341","https://openalex.org/W6839401937","https://openalex.org/W6846786981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4396520874","https://openalex.org/W4390401159","https://openalex.org/W2744391499","https://openalex.org/W4230250635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite":[0],"remote":[1,28],"sensing":[2,29],"enables":[3],"the":[4,23,155,162],"extensive,":[5],"long-term":[6],"observation":[7],"of":[8,118,121,125,147,158],"oceanic":[9],"changes.":[10],"To":[11],"achieve":[12],"transparent":[13],"ocean":[14,25,159],"observation,":[15],"artificial":[16],"intelligence":[17],"is":[18,50,137],"innovatively":[19],"used":[20,105],"to":[21,64,116],"reconstruct":[22],"three-dimensional":[24],"structure":[26],"from":[27],"data":[30,72],"with":[31,102],"spatiotemporal":[32,61,106],"attention.":[33],"However,":[34],"high-resolution":[35,156],"satellite":[36,71],"imagery":[37],"imposes":[38],"high":[39],"computational":[40,96,145],"demands.":[41],"This":[42],"study":[43],"proposes":[44],"Spatiotemporal":[45],"Window":[46],"Ocean":[47],"(SWO),":[48],"which":[49],"an":[51,150],"efficient":[52],"network":[53],"that":[54,92,136],"uses":[55],"a":[56,112,129],"special":[57],"calculation":[58],"strategy":[59],"and":[60,83,98,123,140],"window":[62],"attention":[63],"reduce":[65],"complexity.":[66],"The":[67,144],"model":[68],"integrates":[69],"multiple":[70],"sources,":[73],"including":[74],"sea":[75,84],"surface":[76,85],"temperature":[77],"(SST),":[78],"absolute":[79],"dynamic":[80],"topography":[81],"(ADT),":[82],"salinity":[86],"(SSS).":[87],"Our":[88],"experimental":[89],"results":[90],"demonstrate":[91],"SWO":[93,110,148],"achieves":[94],"lower":[95],"costs":[97],"superior":[99],"performance":[100],"compared":[101],"recent":[103],"commonly":[104],"sequence":[107],"models.":[108],"Specifically,":[109],"requires":[111],"training":[113],"time":[114],"equivalent":[115],"1/3":[117],"SimVP,":[119],"1/4":[120],"PredRNN,":[122],"1/5":[124],"SA-ConvLSTM":[126],"while":[127],"achieving":[128],"root":[130],"mean":[131],"square":[132],"error":[133],"(RMSE)":[134],"index":[135],"13.8%,":[138],"20.3%,":[139],"13.2%":[141],"better,":[142],"respectively.":[143],"advantages":[146],"offer":[149],"important":[151],"technical":[152],"means":[153],"for":[154],"reconstruction":[157],"phenomena":[160],"in":[161],"future.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-05T07:55:05.734416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
