{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399527336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","title":"Field-Scale Precision: Predicting Grain Yield of Diverse Wheat Breeding Lines Using High-Throughput UAV Multispectral Imaging","display_name":"Field-Scale Precision: Predicting Grain Yield of Diverse Wheat Breeding Lines Using High-Throughput UAV Multispectral Imaging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399527336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059509698","display_name":"Nisar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043925072","display_name":"Ahmed Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066619575","display_name":"Abdul Bais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-348X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Bais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-348X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041970242","display_name":"Samia Berraies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-2682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samia Berraies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648159","display_name":"Yuefeng Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuefeng Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020289513","display_name":"Richard D. Cuthbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1640-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard D. Cuthbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088797096","display_name":"Jatinder S. Sangha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-2563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatinder S. Sangha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4404-2563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":11.0846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98704128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"11419","last_page":"11433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10733","display_name":"Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.8903704881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7646143436431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6122732162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6033965349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"Grain yield","score":0.5446140766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.5417289733886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5038499236106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3967004716396332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36206912994384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.30609625577926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.17703548073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1750229001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1258242428302765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10762271285057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08320552110671997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.8903704881668091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7646143436431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6122732162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6033965349197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.5446140766143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5417289733886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5038499236106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3967004716396332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36206912994384766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.30609625577926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.17703548073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1750229001045227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1258242428302765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10762271285057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08320552110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6934d62974c4d01bbc9cf68694a0cae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6934d62974c4d01bbc9cf68694a0cae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 11419-11433 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310866","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture - Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/02g5xq267"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331558","display_name":"Saskatchewan Wheat Development Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332058","display_name":"Manitoba Crop Alliance","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980140622","https://openalex.org/W1983603319","https://openalex.org/W2026021064","https://openalex.org/W2050817640","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2112674101","https://openalex.org/W2114248304","https://openalex.org/W2155456334","https://openalex.org/W2158883105","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2329591132","https://openalex.org/W2416782259","https://openalex.org/W2558892021","https://openalex.org/W2646675373","https://openalex.org/W2759257303","https://openalex.org/W2767812726","https://openalex.org/W2792047890","https://openalex.org/W2805142011","https://openalex.org/W2888753230","https://openalex.org/W2903662845","https://openalex.org/W2910729503","https://openalex.org/W2929705482","https://openalex.org/W2943561186","https://openalex.org/W2979736561","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W2989100060","https://openalex.org/W2989724458","https://openalex.org/W2994912194","https://openalex.org/W2997051686","https://openalex.org/W2999658315","https://openalex.org/W3001104841","https://openalex.org/W3005029250","https://openalex.org/W3005430388","https://openalex.org/W3008179697","https://openalex.org/W3008924261","https://openalex.org/W3011786257","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3028726941","https://openalex.org/W3029014910","https://openalex.org/W3036855490","https://openalex.org/W3040221110","https://openalex.org/W3048735353","https://openalex.org/W3079760979","https://openalex.org/W3081123786","https://openalex.org/W3081125651","https://openalex.org/W3082766779","https://openalex.org/W3111174758","https://openalex.org/W3111700100","https://openalex.org/W3132104078","https://openalex.org/W3135366015","https://openalex.org/W3135871359","https://openalex.org/W3161110393","https://openalex.org/W3185030868","https://openalex.org/W3197683909","https://openalex.org/W3209765799","https://openalex.org/W4210692941","https://openalex.org/W4213044558","https://openalex.org/W4213311185","https://openalex.org/W4221093715","https://openalex.org/W4233070360","https://openalex.org/W4253452805","https://openalex.org/W4281632229","https://openalex.org/W4292387496","https://openalex.org/W4297807591","https://openalex.org/W4307486628","https://openalex.org/W4309677946","https://openalex.org/W4311081121","https://openalex.org/W4312402948","https://openalex.org/W4313400493","https://openalex.org/W4321229668","https://openalex.org/W4377965201","https://openalex.org/W4380991893","https://openalex.org/W4386735376","https://openalex.org/W4386858049","https://openalex.org/W4387951161","https://openalex.org/W4387951278","https://openalex.org/W4388233282","https://openalex.org/W4389090327","https://openalex.org/W4390848532","https://openalex.org/W4391529098","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W6682710050","https://openalex.org/W6797062389","https://openalex.org/W6847118682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W2567298528","https://openalex.org/W4214494630","https://openalex.org/W2049755385"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,192],"explored":[2],"how":[3],"to":[4,18,85,212],"use":[5,224],"UAV-based":[6,226],"multispectral":[7,227],"imaging,":[8],"a":[9,121,132,231],"plot":[10,66,129],"detection":[11,59,232],"model,":[12],"and":[13,51,79,103,131,159,182,199,208,234,246],"machine":[14],"learning":[15],"(ML)":[16],"algorithms":[17],"predict":[19],"wheat":[20,65,87,196,242],"grain":[21,88,204,206],"yield":[22,89],"at":[23],"the":[24,35,111,169,214,222],"field":[25],"scale.":[26],"Multispectral":[27],"data":[28,41,53],"were":[29,45,54,83],"collected":[30,46,55],"over":[31],"several":[32],"weeks":[33],"using":[34,91],"MicaSense":[36],"RedEdge-P":[37],"camera.":[38],"Ground":[39],"truth":[40],"on":[42],"vegetation":[43,94],"indices":[44],"utilizing":[47],"portable":[48],"phenotyping":[49],"instruments,":[50],"agronomic":[52,210],"manually.":[56],"The":[57,108,191,219],"YOLOv8":[58],"model":[60,233],"was":[61],"utilized":[62],"for":[63,143,173],"field-scale":[64],"detection.":[67],"Four":[68],"ML":[69,235],"algorithms\u2014decision":[70],"tree":[71],"(DT),":[72],"random":[73],"forest":[74],"(RF),":[75],"gradient":[76],"boosting":[77],"(GB),":[78],"extreme":[80],"GB":[81,167],"(XGBoost":[82],"used":[84],"evaluate":[86],"prediction":[90],"normalized":[92,97],"difference":[93,98],"index":[95,101],"(NDVI),":[96],"red":[99],"edge":[100],"(NDRE),":[102],"green":[104],"NDVI":[105,144],"(G-NDVI)":[106],"data.":[107,145],"results":[109,220],"demonstrated":[110],"RF":[112],"algorithm's":[113],"predicting":[114],"ability":[115],"across":[116],"all":[117],"growth":[118],"stages,":[119],"with":[120,153,176,230],"root-mean-square":[122],"error":[123],"(RMSE)":[124],"of":[125,134,141,156,165,179,189,216,225],"43":[126,157],"grams":[127],"per":[128],"(g/p)":[130],"coefficient":[133],"determination":[135],"(<inline-formula":[136],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[137,162,185],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[138,163,186],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[139],"value":[140,188],"0.90":[142],"For":[146],"NDRE":[147],"data,":[148,175],"DT":[149],"outperformed":[150],"other":[151,209],"models,":[152],"an":[154,160,177,183],"RMSE":[155,178],"g/p":[158,181],"<inline-formula":[161,184],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[164,187],"0.88.":[166],"exhibited":[168],"highest":[170],"predictive":[171],"accuracy":[172],"G-NDVI":[174],"42":[180],"0.89.":[190],"integrated":[193],"isogenic":[194],"bread":[195],"sister":[197],"lines":[198],"checked":[200],"cultivars":[201],"differing":[202],"in":[203,236],"yield,":[205],"protein,":[207],"traits":[211],"facilitate":[213],"identification":[215],"high-yield":[217],"performers.":[218],"show":[221],"potential":[223],"imaging":[228],"combined":[229],"various":[237],"precision":[238],"agriculture":[239],"applications,":[240],"including":[241],"breeding,":[243],"agronomy":[244],"research,":[245],"broader":[247],"agricultural":[248],"practices.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}