{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399486944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","title":"A Coherent TBD Algorithm for Remote Sensing of Weak Targets Using GNSS Reflected Signals","display_name":"A Coherent TBD Algorithm for Remote Sensing of Weak Targets Using GNSS Reflected Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399486944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383727","display_name":"Ce Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-823X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ce Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2945-823X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056109786","display_name":"Shuzhu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-402X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuzhu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-402X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107865088","display_name":"Jianya Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianya Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9522-3430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9522-3430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":2.7627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90445747,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"11485","last_page":"11502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.8346999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.8346999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.7985000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.7278000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7166748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6521390676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5073034167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5068679451942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2004193365573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14014971256256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12342217564582825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7166748046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6521390676498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5073034167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5068679451942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2004193365573883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14014971256256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12342217564582825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7cbddff5ff03401d95b99f7d22169145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7cbddff5ff03401d95b99f7d22169145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 11485-11502 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3411876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973792507","https://openalex.org/W1982972967","https://openalex.org/W1985234121","https://openalex.org/W1999131521","https://openalex.org/W2030209988","https://openalex.org/W2067341428","https://openalex.org/W2099687038","https://openalex.org/W2104968029","https://openalex.org/W2248954824","https://openalex.org/W2296018493","https://openalex.org/W2469074719","https://openalex.org/W2619223975","https://openalex.org/W2747458887","https://openalex.org/W2790235730","https://openalex.org/W2803710860","https://openalex.org/W2974580801","https://openalex.org/W3000904410","https://openalex.org/W3010700003","https://openalex.org/W3162095947","https://openalex.org/W3172803829","https://openalex.org/W3195463862","https://openalex.org/W3202979025","https://openalex.org/W4285289174","https://openalex.org/W4296871397","https://openalex.org/W4313270708","https://openalex.org/W4313291180","https://openalex.org/W4365790523","https://openalex.org/W4385257261","https://openalex.org/W4389916141","https://openalex.org/W6629935307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W4391128647","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4386787199","https://openalex.org/W4384916587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"navigation":[1],"satellite":[2],"system":[3],"(GNSS)reflected":[4],"signals":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,50],"in":[10,44,93,138,156,189,236],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"applications.":[13],"To":[14],"overcome":[15],"the":[16,28,39,46,72,78,94,109,127,135,139,149,160,168,186,190,198,201,221,225],"low-power":[17],"budget":[18],"of":[19,33,80,122,134,185,200,224],"GNSS":[20,85],"reflected":[21,86],"signals,":[22],"traditional":[23,210],"detection":[24,41,83,213],"strategies":[25],"involve":[26],"extending":[27],"coherent":[29,60],"processing":[30],"interval":[31],"(CPI)":[32],"a":[34,58,99,115,144,180,238,243],"single":[35],"frame":[36],"or":[37],"employing":[38],"multiframe":[40],"(MFD)":[42],"method":[43],"which":[45,119,237],"noncoherent":[47],"integration":[48],"is":[49,65,91,193,228],"to":[51,67,76,143],"accumulate":[52],"echo":[53],"energy.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,157],"article,":[57],"novel":[59],"dynamic-programming-based":[61],"track-before-detect":[62],"(C-DP-TBD)":[63],"algorithm":[64,90,227],"proposed":[66,89,226],"search":[68],"and":[69,97,131,166,218,233],"compensate":[70],"for":[71,114],"interframe":[73],"phase":[74,129],"shift":[75],"improve":[77],"performance":[79,222],"weak":[81],"target":[82,136,187,202,212],"using":[84],"signals.":[87],"The":[88,104,183],"included":[92],"two-stage":[95],"MFD":[96],"follows":[98],"range-Doppler":[100],"(RD)":[101],"map":[102,106,111],"generator.":[103],"RD":[105,110,140,191],"generator":[107],"extracts":[108],"candidate":[112],"list":[113,158],"specific":[116],"data":[117],"frame,":[118,162],"contains":[120],"all":[121,174],"its":[123],"variants":[124],"based":[125],"on":[126],"potential":[128],"value":[130],"location":[132],"shifts":[133],"peak":[137,176,203],"domain":[141,192],"relative":[142],"designated":[145],"reference":[146,161],"frame.":[147,207],"Subsequently,":[148],"C-DP-TBD":[150],"processor":[151],"coherently":[152],"integrates":[153],"each":[154],"variant":[155],"with":[159,179,209,215],"removes":[163],"implausible":[164],"variants,":[165],"selects":[167],"most":[169],"reliable":[170],"one":[171],"by":[172,196,230],"comparing":[173],"resulting":[175],"signal-to-noise":[177],"ratios":[178],"preset":[181],"threshold.":[182],"confirmation":[184],"track":[188],"finally":[194],"achieved":[195],"extracting":[197],"position":[199],"from":[204],"every":[205],"available":[206],"Compared":[208],"motion":[211],"methods":[214],"long":[216],"CPI":[217],"DP-TBD":[219],"methods,":[220],"superiority":[223],"demonstrated":[229],"both":[231],"simulation":[232],"experimental":[234],"results":[235],"ferry":[239],"was":[240],"employed":[241],"as":[242],"moving":[244],"target.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
