{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394966932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","title":"Modified GNSS-PIR and Initial Verifications From the Perspective of Altimetry","display_name":"Modified GNSS-PIR and Initial Verifications From the Perspective of Altimetry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394966932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10506071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10506071.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053658875","display_name":"Xuebao Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-3683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuebao Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-3683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004983611","display_name":"Yunlong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-7200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061517863","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3013-3918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878015","display_name":"Pengyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2164-987X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2164-987X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024150556","display_name":"Dongkai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-4557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongkai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-4557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05167965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"8606","last_page":"8611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9327253103256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.8957765698432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6620703339576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.5471493601799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.42835718393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.409210205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.37934359908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3739883601665497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.32138803601264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.25102341175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15192580223083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10108262300491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0957648754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.05897614359855652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9327253103256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.8957765698432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6620703339576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.5471493601799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.42835718393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.409210205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37934359908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3739883601665497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32138803601264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.25102341175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15192580223083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10108262300491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0957648754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.05897614359855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10506071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ed3399d09c842c8ac1261de4857a818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ed3399d09c842c8ac1261de4857a818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 8606-8611 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3391513","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10506071.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020071132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2020-075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394966932.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394966932.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607626080","https://openalex.org/W1974017133","https://openalex.org/W1974618482","https://openalex.org/W1986316936","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2109362828","https://openalex.org/W2113454568","https://openalex.org/W2324390910","https://openalex.org/W2340574333","https://openalex.org/W2773816055","https://openalex.org/W2978354175","https://openalex.org/W2978496333","https://openalex.org/W2997873483","https://openalex.org/W3142330775","https://openalex.org/W3217169156","https://openalex.org/W4200149905","https://openalex.org/W4388430520","https://openalex.org/W4389169229","https://openalex.org/W4389988235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140036717","https://openalex.org/W2091193607","https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W4403180243","https://openalex.org/W2022870883","https://openalex.org/W1994717179","https://openalex.org/W1828440254","https://openalex.org/W1529812919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2],"a":[3],"modified":[4,25],"structure":[5],"of":[6,14,29,46],"GNSS":[7,48],"pseudo":[8],"interferometric":[9],"reflectometry":[10],"(GNSS-PIR).":[11],"The":[12],"combination":[13,28],"the":[15,21,27,34,44],"direct":[16],"and":[17,62,87],"reflected":[18],"signals":[19],"at":[20],"front":[22],"end":[23],"was":[24,97],"as":[26],"their":[30],"coherent":[31],"sums":[32],"in":[33,70],"baseband,":[35],"so":[36],"that":[37,79,95],"GNSS-PIR":[38,71,80,96],"could":[39],"be":[40],"more":[41],"conducive":[42],"under":[43],"framework":[45],"conventional":[47],"reflectometry.":[49],"To":[50],"verify":[51],"its":[52],"feasibility,":[53],"two":[54],"altimetry":[55],"experiments":[56],"were":[57,68],"carried":[58],"out,":[59],"over":[60,84,90],"land":[61,85],"water":[63,91,107],"surfaces,":[64],"respectively.":[65],"Strong":[66],"oscillations":[67],"observed":[69],"waveforms":[72],"from":[73],"both":[74],"scenes.":[75],"Altimetry":[76],"results":[77],"showed":[78],"achieved":[81],"\u223c5cm":[82],"precision":[83,89],"surface":[86],"\u223c4cm":[88],"surface.":[92],"It":[93],"indicated":[94],"available":[98],"for":[99],"retrieving":[100],"parameters":[101],"related":[102],"with":[103],"reflector":[104],"height,":[105],"like":[106],"level,":[108],"soil":[109],"moisture,":[110],"et":[111],"al.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}