{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394698960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","title":"Toward Accurate Infrared Small Target Detection via Edge-Aware Gated Transformer","display_name":"Toward Accurate Infrared Small Target Detection via Edge-Aware Gated Transformer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394698960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10496183.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10496183.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060671799","display_name":"Yiming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2998-0582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2998-0582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002618865","display_name":"Yong Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-0662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-0662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366841","display_name":"Fan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002872664","display_name":"Jun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-4090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-4090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473196","display_name":"Kangle Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3469-047X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangle Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3469-047X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101486334","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6352-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6352-3331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060671799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":59.0547,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99887439,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"8779","last_page":"8793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8011319637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6258770227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.49886107444763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4918863773345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47664982080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4493846297264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.44896817207336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42646247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.41358956694602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39604538679122925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8011319637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6258770227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.49886107444763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4918863773345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47664982080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4493846297264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.44896817207336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42646247148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.41358956694602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39604538679122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10496183.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b56df8118bfa4ae6a240c7bd378838ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b56df8118bfa4ae6a240c7bd378838ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 8779-8793 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3386899","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10496183.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G253954187","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061160370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7876097311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62003247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8929883844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62075169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394698960.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394698960.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2545065926","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2734349601","https://openalex.org/W2780449407","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3097913527","https://openalex.org/W3109262695","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3125738281","https://openalex.org/W3127708505","https://openalex.org/W3127751679","https://openalex.org/W3128049713","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3168491317","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3178409548","https://openalex.org/W3208364069","https://openalex.org/W3211135382","https://openalex.org/W4220815323","https://openalex.org/W4225113999","https://openalex.org/W4226043641","https://openalex.org/W4235187403","https://openalex.org/W4281681392","https://openalex.org/W4289792517","https://openalex.org/W4308193099","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313318703","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4319303166","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4376109647","https://openalex.org/W4380902443","https://openalex.org/W4381415904","https://openalex.org/W4382401167","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386634626","https://openalex.org/W4386898833","https://openalex.org/W4387623848","https://openalex.org/W4387831814","https://openalex.org/W4387951721","https://openalex.org/W6790275670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W2354322770","https://openalex.org/W4237547500","https://openalex.org/W1570848052","https://openalex.org/W2373192430","https://openalex.org/W4239268388","https://openalex.org/W1537496349","https://openalex.org/W4243305035","https://openalex.org/W2379407973","https://openalex.org/W1571302882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"small":[1,13,77,93,118],"targets":[2,94,119],"from":[3],"complex":[4],"backgrounds":[5],"is":[6],"the":[7,47,99,114,130,142,174],"eventual":[8],"goal":[9],"of":[10,92,117],"single":[11],"infrared":[12],"target":[14,78],"detection":[15],"(SISTD),":[16],"which":[17],"has":[18],"many":[19],"potential":[20],"applications":[21],"in":[22],"defense":[23],"security":[24],"and":[25,50,138,170],"marine":[26],"rescue.":[27],"Recently,":[28],"methods":[29],"utilizing":[30],"deep":[31],"learning":[32],"have":[33,82],"shown":[34],"their":[35,56],"superiority":[36],"over":[37],"traditional":[38],"theoretical":[39],"approaches.":[40],"However,":[41],"they":[42],"do":[43],"not":[44],"consider":[45],"both":[46,136],"global":[48,90,101,137,147],"semantics":[49],"specific":[51],"shape":[52,73,115,139],"information,":[53],"thereby":[54],"limiting":[55],"performance.":[57],"To":[58,166],"overcome":[59],"this":[60],"proplem,":[61],"we":[62,81,124],"propose":[63],"a":[64,84,106],"Gated":[65],"Shaped":[66],"TransUnet":[67],"(GSTUnet),":[68],"designed":[69],"to":[70,88,128],"fully":[71],"utilize":[72],"information":[74,116,140],"while":[75],"detecting":[76],"detection.":[79],"Specifically,":[80],"proposed":[83],"multi-scale":[85],"encoder":[86],"branch":[87,110],"extract":[89],"features":[91,102,127],"at":[95],"different":[96,150],"scales.":[97,152],"Then,":[98],"extracted":[100],"are":[103],"passed":[104],"through":[105,120,141],"gated":[107],"-shaped":[108],"stream":[109],"that":[111],"focuses":[112],"on":[113,159],"gate":[121],"convolutions.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"fuse":[125],"there":[126],"obtain":[129],"final":[131],"result.":[132],"Our":[133],"GSTUnet":[134,154],"learns":[135],"aforementioned":[143],"two":[144],"branches,":[145],"establishing":[146],"relationships":[148],"between":[149],"feature":[151],"The":[153],"demonstrates":[155],"excellent":[156],"evaluation":[157],"metrics":[158],"various":[160],"datasets,":[161,171],"outperforming":[162],"current":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"methods.":[165],"access":[167],"our":[168],"code":[169],"please":[172],"visit":[173],"following":[175],"link:":[176],"<uri":[177],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com</uri>":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}