{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393104556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","title":"Detecting and Mapping Individual Fruit Trees in Complex Natural Environments via UAV Remote Sensing and Optimized YOLOv5","display_name":"Detecting and Mapping Individual Fruit Trees in Complex Natural Environments via UAV Remote Sensing and Optimized YOLOv5","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393104556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10478285.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10478285.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058317417","display_name":"Xiong Yong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-6409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhu Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-6409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106745606","display_name":"Xiaofeng Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4845-6428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China","Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4845-6428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073079350","display_name":"Weiqian Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5695-4819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqian Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China","Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5695-4819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103183899","display_name":"Jiawen Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7886-3508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China","Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7886-3508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Airace Technology Co., Ltd, Huizhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satxspace Technology Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055517094","display_name":"Yankui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5435-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yankui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5435-2742","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078408683","display_name":"Mingyong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-1692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-1692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Meizhou 514015, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029292003","display_name":"Ke-Kun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-4182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160391749","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kekun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-4182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058317417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160391749"],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":3.5225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91741108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"7554","last_page":"7576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9136999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9136999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6829472184181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6233708262443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5230591893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.13618791103363037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6829472184181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6233708262443542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5230591893196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13618791103363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10478285.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c540c945c3bc4b7292ca485ef85ce1bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c540c945c3bc4b7292ca485ef85ce1bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 7554-7576 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3379522","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10478285.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1649575180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B121201013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324803","funder_display_name":"Jiaying University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2916376168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515011986","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3810932006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G939076548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B121201013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324803","display_name":"Jiaying University","ror":"https://ror.org/018jdfk45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393104556.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393104556.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2350774241","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2761482986","https://openalex.org/W2804523038","https://openalex.org/W2901867974","https://openalex.org/W2906300491","https://openalex.org/W2911709005","https://openalex.org/W2936307272","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2964293146","https://openalex.org/W2967268202","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W3003387640","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3022518608","https://openalex.org/W3027760474","https://openalex.org/W3031227608","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3044895230","https://openalex.org/W3045918052","https://openalex.org/W3046083520","https://openalex.org/W3092811956","https://openalex.org/W3092958096","https://openalex.org/W3094118104","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3105665578","https://openalex.org/W3107064847","https://openalex.org/W3122830743","https://openalex.org/W3129465611","https://openalex.org/W3129525896","https://openalex.org/W3132859298","https://openalex.org/W3134096358","https://openalex.org/W3137605476","https://openalex.org/W3139229045","https://openalex.org/W3143836099","https://openalex.org/W3156943756","https://openalex.org/W3163593447","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3177138146","https://openalex.org/W3183898570","https://openalex.org/W3198427877","https://openalex.org/W3210586215","https://openalex.org/W3216361804","https://openalex.org/W4206617687","https://openalex.org/W4210667194","https://openalex.org/W4285729998","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4290973609","https://openalex.org/W4293695919","https://openalex.org/W4297803092","https://openalex.org/W4313414384","https://openalex.org/W4319335657","https://openalex.org/W4376869114","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386289010","https://openalex.org/W4387623851","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6763509872","https://openalex.org/W6796538260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,133,216],"location":[1],"and":[2,19,23,32,39,64,77,130,153,158,166,204,214,228,233,258],"number":[3,227],"of":[4,45,102,168,170,244],"individual":[5,118],"fruit":[6,16,103],"trees":[7,104],"(IFTs)":[8],"are":[9,27],"critical":[10],"for":[11,59,74,174,195,261],"investigations":[12,34],"on":[13,113,240],"planting":[14,229],"areas,":[15],"yield":[17],"predictions,":[18],"smart":[20,262],"orchard":[21,263],"planning":[22],"management.":[24,264],"These":[25],"data":[26,63,257],"conventionally":[28],"obtained":[29],"through":[30,127],"manual":[31,128],"statistical":[33],"that":[35,137,250],"require":[36],"long,":[37],"laborious,":[38],"costly":[40],"efforts.":[41],"Object":[42],"detection":[43,208],"models":[44,147,203],"deep":[46,84],"learning":[47,85],"could":[48,254],"provide":[49,255],"an":[50,72],"opportunity":[51],"to":[52,98],"detect":[53],"IFTs":[54,76],"accurately,":[55],"which":[56],"is":[57,184],"essential":[58],"rapidly":[60],"obtaining":[61],"these":[62,114],"reducing":[65],"human":[66],"operation":[67],"errors.":[68],"This":[69,247],"study":[70,220,248],"proposed":[71,252],"approach":[73,253],"detecting":[75,196],"mapping":[78],"their":[79,226,234],"spatial":[80,235],"distributions":[81,236],"by":[82],"integrating":[83],"with":[86,163,190],"unmanned":[87],"aerial":[88],"vehicle":[89],"(UAV)":[90],"remote":[91,94],"sensing.":[92],"UAV":[93],"sensing":[95],"was":[96,125,139],"used":[97],"collect":[99],"high-resolution":[100],"images":[101],"in":[105,108,218],"pomelo":[106,119],"orchards":[107],"Meizhou,":[109],"South":[110],"China.":[111],"Based":[112],"images,":[115],"a":[116],"new":[117],"tree":[120],"image":[121],"sample":[122],"(IPTIS)":[123],"dataset":[124],"created":[126],"interpretation":[129],"field":[131],"investigation.":[132],"evaluation":[134],"results":[135,243],"revealed":[136],"YOLOv5s":[138],"the":[140,144,164,177,185,191,219,241,245],"best":[141,186,192],"model":[142,182,187],"among":[143,198],"five":[145],"YOLOv5":[146,181,202],"(i.e.,":[148],"YOLOv5n,":[149],"YOLOv5s,":[150],"YOLOv5m,":[151],"YOLOv5l,":[152],"YOLOv5x,":[154],"whose":[155],"layers,":[156],"parameters,":[157],"floating-point":[159],"operations":[160],"all":[161,199],"increased":[162],"depth":[165],"width":[167],"layers.)":[169],"different":[171],"scales":[172],"considered":[173],"optimization.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"coordinate":[178],"attention":[179],"(CA)-optimized":[180],"(YOLOv5s-CA)":[183],"(named":[188],"FruitNet)":[189],"overall":[193],"accuracy":[194],"IPTs":[197,217],"seven":[200],"attention-optimized":[201],"other":[205],"state-of-the-art":[206],"object":[207],"models,":[209],"such":[210],"as":[211],"Faster":[212],"R-CNN":[213],"YOLOv8s.":[215],"areas":[221],"were":[222,231,237],"detected":[223],"using":[224],"FruitNet,":[225],"area":[230],"counted,":[232],"mapped":[238],"based":[239],"predicted":[242],"IPTs.":[246],"suggested":[249],"our":[251],"key":[256],"technical":[259],"support":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}