{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392719524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","title":"Very High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Imaging: A Review","display_name":"Very High Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Imaging: A Review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392719524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10462217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10462217.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8343-1209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106406811","display_name":"Zhen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106403744","display_name":"Zehua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4803-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4803-5728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927884","display_name":"C. W. Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2525-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyi Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2525-9476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041170284","display_name":"Tianzhu Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianzhu Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6444-5266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Information, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003857025","display_name":"Zhihua He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"fwci":47.7624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9984076,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"7104","last_page":"7123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.78729248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6504379510879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-looking-airborne-radar","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","score":0.6073930263519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5912344455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5862709283828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42296451330184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.32582801580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.31399673223495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3094879984855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11265954375267029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.78729248046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6504379510879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62282787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831483","display_name":"Side looking airborne radar","level":5,"score":0.6073930263519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5912344455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5862709283828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42296451330184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.32582801580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.31399673223495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3094879984855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11265954375267029}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10462217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:579b1cb96f81498d99c44f548bccd692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/579b1cb96f81498d99c44f548bccd692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 7104-7123 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3374429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10462217.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3811045614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5788630765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392719524.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392719524.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91015217","https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W893263833","https://openalex.org/W1510539975","https://openalex.org/W1581490604","https://openalex.org/W1755453833","https://openalex.org/W1849078844","https://openalex.org/W1966775605","https://openalex.org/W1967062849","https://openalex.org/W1970007544","https://openalex.org/W1979213074","https://openalex.org/W1986587640","https://openalex.org/W1986684785","https://openalex.org/W1986993797","https://openalex.org/W1988365767","https://openalex.org/W2002740413","https://openalex.org/W2004823238","https://openalex.org/W2011673809","https://openalex.org/W2015705709","https://openalex.org/W2016718430","https://openalex.org/W2025943163","https://openalex.org/W2031716391","https://openalex.org/W2034492669","https://openalex.org/W2035285254","https://openalex.org/W2038324166","https://openalex.org/W2043624654","https://openalex.org/W2047091964","https://openalex.org/W2049734132","https://openalex.org/W2051188981","https://openalex.org/W2060588492","https://openalex.org/W2060602868","https://openalex.org/W2069686882","https://openalex.org/W2075418485","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2081057617","https://openalex.org/W2086736652","https://openalex.org/W2093331703","https://openalex.org/W2097924784","https://openalex.org/W2099248592","https://openalex.org/W2101961721","https://openalex.org/W2106627612","https://openalex.org/W2109888122","https://openalex.org/W2109896001","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2111181529","https://openalex.org/W2112755032","https://openalex.org/W2114152188","https://openalex.org/W2115755690","https://openalex.org/W2116008021","https://openalex.org/W2116325840","https://openalex.org/W2117638015","https://openalex.org/W2117740523","https://openalex.org/W2118198126","https://openalex.org/W2123498610","https://openalex.org/W2126421815","https://openalex.org/W2129268038","https://openalex.org/W2132141139","https://openalex.org/W2136806991","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2138542190","https://openalex.org/W2141821577","https://openalex.org/W2145808318","https://openalex.org/W2148965778","https://openalex.org/W2154867775","https://openalex.org/W2154909910","https://openalex.org/W2157803914","https://openalex.org/W2158614875","https://openalex.org/W2159094101","https://openalex.org/W2161208433","https://openalex.org/W2161745552","https://openalex.org/W2171234155","https://openalex.org/W2245827188","https://openalex.org/W2284820557","https://openalex.org/W2290909331","https://openalex.org/W2317120344","https://openalex.org/W2325373497","https://openalex.org/W2327831836","https://openalex.org/W2330120212","https://openalex.org/W2331446484","https://openalex.org/W2392194056","https://openalex.org/W2415879943","https://openalex.org/W2467463267","https://openalex.org/W2482219064","https://openalex.org/W2516269052","https://openalex.org/W2538022121","https://openalex.org/W2541169782","https://openalex.org/W2543446460","https://openalex.org/W2596046861","https://openalex.org/W2604782053","https://openalex.org/W2615051259","https://openalex.org/W2626127017","https://openalex.org/W2730971961","https://openalex.org/W2740900343","https://openalex.org/W2755656194","https://openalex.org/W2767848786","https://openalex.org/W2789851276","https://openalex.org/W2801065766","https://openalex.org/W2801114666","https://openalex.org/W2802894583","https://openalex.org/W2884998783","https://openalex.org/W2900791216","https://openalex.org/W2945684566","https://openalex.org/W2967337246","https://openalex.org/W2967846015","https://openalex.org/W2980831629","https://openalex.org/W2999187976","https://openalex.org/W3021545374","https://openalex.org/W3022399136","https://openalex.org/W3041663917","https://openalex.org/W3110066552","https://openalex.org/W3150667437","https://openalex.org/W3181006768","https://openalex.org/W3184864507","https://openalex.org/W3198197776","https://openalex.org/W3202470209","https://openalex.org/W3206397379","https://openalex.org/W3207084381","https://openalex.org/W3208988297","https://openalex.org/W3213173587","https://openalex.org/W3217697949","https://openalex.org/W4288391448","https://openalex.org/W4312855828","https://openalex.org/W4313196042","https://openalex.org/W4317038574","https://openalex.org/W4387536712","https://openalex.org/W4388430612","https://openalex.org/W6632817837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112228652","https://openalex.org/W1908474219","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W1994788526","https://openalex.org/W2108352898","https://openalex.org/W2612690400","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2081203575","https://openalex.org/W2059787813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"its":[1],"capacity":[2],"to":[3,45,77,116,127],"generate":[4],"2-D":[5],"fine":[6],"images":[7],"of":[8,39,59,111,135],"observation":[9],"areas,":[10],"very":[11],"high-resolution":[12],"(VHR)":[13],"synthetic":[14],"aperture":[15],"radar":[16],"(SAR)":[17],"has":[18],"become":[19],"increasingly":[20],"popular":[21],"in":[22],"myriad":[23],"fields,":[24],"including":[25],"remote":[26],"sensing,":[27],"geoscience,":[28],"and":[29,43,50,63,68,88,102,109,132],"surveillance.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"article,":[33],"we":[34,55],"present":[35],"a":[36,57,72,124],"comprehensive":[37],"overview":[38,74],"VHR":[40,60,81,92,112,136],"SAR":[41,61,113],"systems":[42],"imaging":[44,93],"highlight":[46],"the":[47,65,79,107,129],"related":[48],"research":[49,119],"promote":[51],"further":[52],"development.":[53],"First,":[54],"provide":[56],"summary":[58],"applications":[62],"summarize":[64],"typical":[66],"airborne":[67],"spaceborne":[69],"systems.":[70],"Subsequently,":[71],"detailed":[73],"is":[75],"provided":[76],"demonstrate":[78],"range":[80],"technologies":[82],"by":[83],"introducing":[84],"dechirp":[85],"processing,":[86],"stepped-frequency,":[87],"microwave":[89],"photonic.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"methods":[94],"on":[95],"different":[96],"platforms,":[97],"i.e.,":[98],"ideal":[99],"trajectory,":[100],"airborne,":[101],"spaceborne,":[103],"are":[104,114],"reviewed.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"challenges":[108],"prospects":[110],"presented":[115],"inform":[117],"future":[118],"directions.":[120],"This":[121],"work":[122],"provides":[123],"valuable":[125],"resource":[126],"improve":[128],"system":[130],"design":[131],"signal":[133],"processing":[134],"SAR.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
