{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391305844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","title":"Quantifying Uncertainty in Slum Detection: Advancing Transfer Learning With Limited Data in Noisy Urban Environments","display_name":"Quantifying Uncertainty in Slum Detection: Advancing Transfer Learning With Limited Data in Noisy Urban Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391305844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10416343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10416343.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010647855","display_name":"Thomas Stark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Stark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-7541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050422212","display_name":"Michael Wurm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-1894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wurm","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Weßling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-1894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068384981","display_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046449632","display_name":"Hannes Taubenb\u00f6ck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannes Taubenb\u00f6ck","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Weßling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-9126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Remote Sensing Data Center, German Aerospace Center, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1250},"apc_paid":{"value":1430,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1542},"fwci":9.8946,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97914072,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"4552","last_page":"4565"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.852400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation","score":0.852400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.7659000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.7263000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6171109080314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slum","display_name":"Slum","score":0.603752076625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.46442165970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4282674789428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3869168162345886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6171109080314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778631157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201759","display_name":"Slum","level":3,"score":0.603752076625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.46442165970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4282674789428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3869168162345886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10416343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:202921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3359636>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:efd18b4083df49d099e9f400165f5042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/efd18b4083df49d099e9f400165f5042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Vol 17, Pp 4552-4565 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2024.3359636","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4609443/4609444/10416343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117727964","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"1939-1404","issn":["1939-1404","2151-1535"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623313952","display_name":"K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz in der Erdbeobachtung: Schlussfolgern, Unsicherheiten, Ethik und dar\u00fcber hinaus","funder_award_id":"01DD20001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391305844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391305844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W231581717","https://openalex.org/W1998309095","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2053781917","https://openalex.org/W2093791422","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2225156818","https://openalex.org/W2404611670","https://openalex.org/W2513506629","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2599875878","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2765165894","https://openalex.org/W2765226977","https://openalex.org/W2781184069","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2790418319","https://openalex.org/W2790886567","https://openalex.org/W2794124609","https://openalex.org/W2810030371","https://openalex.org/W2896309543","https://openalex.org/W2899506370","https://openalex.org/W2915971115","https://openalex.org/W2918538500","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919888721","https://openalex.org/W2945096295","https://openalex.org/W2963012093","https://openalex.org/W2964030506","https://openalex.org/W2968044004","https://openalex.org/W2969968134","https://openalex.org/W2979159783","https://openalex.org/W3007766931","https://openalex.org/W3031928995","https://openalex.org/W3034711780","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3036431920","https://openalex.org/W3042350893","https://openalex.org/W3045166475","https://openalex.org/W3080475201","https://openalex.org/W3113173655","https://openalex.org/W3158946288","https://openalex.org/W3162999565","https://openalex.org/W3178463417","https://openalex.org/W3179986621","https://openalex.org/W3183048323","https://openalex.org/W3186981108","https://openalex.org/W3194757573","https://openalex.org/W3202232857","https://openalex.org/W3202684627","https://openalex.org/W3205249428","https://openalex.org/W3205710591","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3213324334","https://openalex.org/W3215801371","https://openalex.org/W4200096292","https://openalex.org/W4213308398","https://openalex.org/W4226182453","https://openalex.org/W4283578033","https://openalex.org/W4286907452","https://openalex.org/W4293152273","https://openalex.org/W4293568472","https://openalex.org/W4309563912","https://openalex.org/W4379781049","https://openalex.org/W4379806177","https://openalex.org/W4385804993","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684488266","https://openalex.org/W6685802191","https://openalex.org/W6802752986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,9,29,44,62,76,112,122,139,191,228],"intricate":[2,196,229],"landscape":[3],"of":[4,11,31,66,78,114,194,218,232],"mapping":[5],"urban":[6,64,89,197],"slum":[7,67,81,219,233],"dynamics,":[8,220],"significance":[10],"robust":[12],"and":[13,19,74,105,157,167,181],"efficient":[14,58,187],"techniques":[15],"is":[16],"often":[17],"underestimated":[18],"remains":[20],"absent":[21],"in":[22,54,88,102,125,129,210],"many":[23],"studies.":[24],"This":[25,117],"not":[26,97,204],"only":[27,98,205],"hampers":[28],"comprehensiveness":[30],"research":[32],"but":[33,109,159,213],"also":[34,110,214],"undermines":[35],"potential":[36],"solutions":[37],"that":[38],"could":[39],"be":[40],"pivotal":[41],"for":[42,80],"addressing":[43],"complex":[45,63],"challenges":[46],"faced":[47],"by":[48],"these":[49,223],"settlements.":[50,68],"With":[51],"this":[52],"ethos":[53],"mind,":[55],"we":[56,83,96,184],"prioritize":[57],"methods":[59],"to":[60,189],"detect":[61],"morphologies":[65],"Leveraging":[69],"transfer-learning":[70],"with":[71,135,152,160,170],"minimal":[72],"samples":[73],"estimating":[75],"probability":[77],"predictions":[79],"settlements,":[82],"uncover":[84],"previously":[85],"obscured":[86],"patterns":[87,198],"structures.":[90],"By":[91],"using":[92],"Monte":[93,175],"Carlo":[94,176],"Dropout,":[95,177],"enhance":[99],"classification":[100],"performance":[101,149],"noisy":[103,200,211],"datasets":[104,212],"ambiguous":[106],"feature":[107],"spaces":[108],"gauge":[111],"uncertainty":[113],"our":[115,142,216],"predictions.":[116],"offers":[118],"deeper":[119],"insights":[120],"into":[121],"model's":[123],"confidence":[124],"distinguishing":[126],"slums,":[127],"especially":[128,221],"scenarios":[130],"where":[131],"slums":[132],"share":[133],"characteristics":[134],"formal":[136],"areas.":[137],"Despite":[138],"inherent":[140],"complexities,":[141],"custom":[143],"CNN":[144],"STnet":[145],"stands":[146],"out,":[147],"delivering":[148],"on":[150,227],"par":[151],"renowned":[153],"models":[154],"like":[155],"ResNet50":[156],"Xception":[158],"notably":[161],"superior":[162],"efficiency":[163],"\u2014":[164],"faster":[165],"training":[166,172,209],"inference,":[168],"particularly":[169],"limited":[171],"samples.":[173],"Combining":[174],"class-weighted":[178],"loss":[179],"function,":[180],"class-balanced":[182],"transfer-learning,":[183],"offer":[185],"an":[186],"method":[188],"tackle":[190],"challenging":[192],"task":[193],"classifying":[195],"amidst":[199],"datasets.":[201],"Our":[202],"approach":[203],"enhances":[206],"AI":[207],"model":[208],"advances":[215],"comprehension":[217],"as":[222],"uncertainties":[224],"shed":[225],"light":[226],"intraurban":[230],"variabilities":[231],"settlements":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}